Indima yezinto ezahlukeneyo kwi-Aluminium Alfs

Ubhedu

Xa i-Alumnum-etyebileyo ye-Aluminium-Cowper Allo of i-548, ukonakala okuphezulu kobhedu kwi-aluminium yi-5.65%. Xa iqondo lobushushu liye laya kwi-302, i-solity yobhedu yi-0.45%. Ubhedu yinto ebalulekileyo yesabelo kwaye inesiphumo esithile esiqinisekileyo someleza isisombululo esomelezayo. Ukongeza, i-cial2 icacisiwe kukwaluphala inesiphumo someleza. Umxholo wobhedu kwii-Aluminiyam Alwalys uhlala phakathi kwe-2,5% ne-5%, kwaye impembelelo yomeleza iphakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-6.8%, ke ngoko ke umxholo wobhedu lwaloo-Afral. I-AllUminium-Cowper Alfalls inokuqulatha i-Silicon encinci, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-zinc, intsimbi kunye nezinye izinto.

Isilicon

Xa i-altinum-etyebileyo yenkqubo ye-al-Sil ye-al-Si inobushushu obungama-577, ukonakala okuphezulu kweSilicon kwisisombululo esomeleleyo yi-1.65%. Nangona u-Soluba enciphisa ubushushu obuncitshisiweyo, aba bafundi baka-Aflis ngokubanzi alunakuqiniswa bunyango lobushushu. I-Aluminium-Silicon Allorey inepropathi egqwesileyo kunye nokunganyangeki. Ukuba i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon yongezwa kwi-Aluminiyam kwangaxeshanye ukwenza ialuminium-magnesis alloy, isigaba sokuqinisa i-MGSI. Umyinge omkhulu we-magnesium ukuya kwi-silicon ngu-1.73: 1. Xa uyila ubume be-al-mg-Sloy, imixholo ye-magnesium kunye ne-silicon ilungiselelwe kulo myinge kwiMatrix. Ukwenzela ukuphucula amandla kwezinye izabelo ze-al-S-MG-SALT, isixa esifanelekileyo sopopu songezwa, kwaye isixa esifanelekileyo se-chromium yongezwa ukukhupha imiphumo engalunganga yobhedu.

Esona sizwe siphezulu se-MG2SI kwi-ALUMIM KWI-ALUMUNUM-EIRIST YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YENKQUBO ye-Al-Mg2SI ALTIONY yi-1.85%, kwaye inkohliso incinci njengoko ubushushu buyehla. Kwi-Alumnom ye-Aluminum ye-Aluminum, ukongezwa kwesilicon kuphela kwi-aluminium kulinganiselwe kwizixhobo ze-welding, kunye nokongezwa kwesilicon kwi-Aluminiyam nayo inomphumo oqinisekileyo.

Magnesium

Nangona i-sloubaility ibonisa ukuba i-serlium ye-buminum incipha kakhulu njengoko iqondo lobushushu lincipha, umxholo we-magnesis ulwalamano lwe-Aluminum lungaphantsi kwe-6%. Umxholo weSilicon uphantsi. Olu hlobo lolo lwabiwo lungenakomelezwa bunyango lobushushu, kodwa lunokwaluphala kakuhle, ukunganyangeki kakuhle, kunye namandla aphakathi. Ukomelezwa kwe-aluminium nge-magnesium kuyabonakala. Kuwo wonke umntu wokunyuka kwe-1% kwi-magnesium, amandla e-sunser anyuka malunga ne-34MPA. Ukuba kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1% manganese, isiphumo someleza sinokwahlulwa. Ke ngoko, ukongeza i-manganese kunokunciphisa umxholo we-magnesium kunye nokunciphisa umkhwa wokubuka oshushu. Ukongeza, i-manganese ingakwazi ukukhetha i-MG5AL8 ye-MG5AL8, ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kwe-corosion kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding.

Manganese

Xa ubushushu be-Etheetic yomzobo wesigaba seflethi ye-Al-Mn Allody System ngama-658, ukonakala okuphezulu kwe-manganese kwisisombululo esomeleleyo yi-1.82%. Amandla e-alloy anyuka ngokunyuka kwe-solity. Xa isiqulatho seManganese siyi-0.8%, i-elongwe ifikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu. I-Al-Mn Alloty yi-Allomenti yokukhulisa iminyaka yobudala, oko kukuthi, ayinakuzomelezwa kukunyanga ubushushu. I-Manganese inokuthintela inkqubo ye-Aluminium Alloys, yonyusa ubushushu bokunyanzeliswa, kwaye icoceke kakhulu i-graryrystall. Ukuphuculwa kwe-grains ye-grainer kulindelwe ikakhulu kukuba amasuntswana asasazwe ziikhomputha zeMnal6ntela ukukhula kwengqolowa ye-grarystall. Omnye umsebenzi we-mnal6 kukunyibilikisa i-iron ye-iron ukuya kwifom (Fe, Mn) Al6 Al6, ukunciphisa iziphumo eziyingozi zesinyithi. I-Manganese yinto ebalulekileyo kwi-Aluminium Alfs. Inokongezwa yedwa ukwenza i-al-mn binary alloy. Rhoqo, yongezwa kunye nezinye izinto zolwabiwo. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwee-allominum alloys zine-manganese.

Zinc

I-sloubin ye-zinc kwi-Aluminiyam yi-31.6% nge-275 kwicandelo le-Aluminum-etyebileyo lenkqubo ye-Al-Zn Alwir, ngelixa i-selney yehla kwi-aluminim iyodwa i-aluminium inolwazi oluncinci kakhulu Amandla e-Aluminium Alloy phantsi kweemeko zesaphulelo. Kwangelo xesha, kukho utyekelo lokunyanzelwa koxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela sibeka isicelo sayo. Ukongeza i-zinc kunye ne-Ignesium ukuya kwi-aluminium kwangaxeshanye kudala iSigaba soMbuso mg / ZN2, esinefuthe elomeleza kulomelezwe. Xa i-MG / ZN2 imixholo inyuke ukusuka kwi-0.5% ukuya kwi-12%, amandla e-thensile kunye namandla esivelwano anokwanda kakhulu. Kwi-superhard aluminum Alfmes apho umxholo we-magnesium ungaphezulu kwenani le-MG / ZN2, xa umyinge we-zinc ukuya kwi-magnesium ilawulwa nge-2,7, i-charsion yokungakhathali ilawulwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukongeza into yobhedu ukuya kwi-al-ZN-MG ye-Al-ZN-ZN-LG-Cu Series alloy. Iziphumo ezomeleza isiseko sesona sikhulu kuzo zonke izabelo ze-alminium. Ikwayinto ebalulekileyo ye-Aluminium ye-aluminium kwi-Aerospace, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kunye nomzi-mveliso wombane wombane.

Intsimbi kunye ne-silicon

Intsimbi yongezwa njengokwabelana ngezinto kwi-al-cu-Mg-Ni-Fering Alfys, kwaye i-Silicon yongezwa njengokwahlulahlula i-Al-Mg-Sring Wering Alling kunye ne-Al-Silicon-Silicon I-alloys. Kwi-Base Aluminium Alloys, iSilicon kunye nentsimbi zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokungena, ezinokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwipropathi ye-alloy. Zisekupheleni njenge-Fecl3 kunye ne-Silicon yasimahla. Xa i-silicon inkulu kunentsimbi, i-β-Feeal3 (okanye iFe2si2si2Aal9) Inqanaba le-sicon, i-α-α2sial8 (okanye iFe3si2S12) yenziwa. Xa umyinge wentsimbi kunye ne-silicon ayilunganga, iya kubangela ukuba kuqhekezwe. Xa umxholo we-iron waphosa i-aluminium iphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubakho ukuphosa.

I-titanium kunye ne-boron

I-Titanium yinto esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo kwi-Aluminium Alfs, yongezwa kwifom ye-al-ti okanye ye-al-ti-b master alloy. I-titanium ne-aluminium zenza iSigaba seTim2, esiba sisigaba esingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa kwaye sidlala indima ekuphuculeni isakhiwo sokuphosa kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-weld. Xa i-al-ti alfays uthatha impatho yephakheji, umxholo obalulekileyo we-titanium une-0.15%. Ukuba i-boron ikhona, i-iraftingdopdown incinci njenge-0.01%.

Chromium

I-Chromium yindawo eyongeziweyo kwi-Al-Mg-MG, i-al-ye-Al-ZG Series, kunye ne-Al-MG Series. Kwi-600 ° C, i-sloubing ye-chromium e-Aluminium yi-0.8%, kwaye ngokusisiseko i-arlity kubushushu begumbi. I-Chromium Foods Excentics ezinje (crfe) al7 kwaye (i-CRMN) ye-Al12 kwiAluminiyam, ethintela inkqubo yokukhula kunye nokukhula kwenkqubo yokukhula. Inokuphucula ubunzima be-alloy kwaye inciphise ukubeka intlawulelo yokungakhathali.

Nangona kunjalo, indawo inyusa imvakalelo yokwenyani, esenza ifilimu engathambisi. Isixa se-chromium songezwe kwi-Aluminiyam Yabelo ngokubanzi ayidluli kwi-0.35%, kwaye inciphise ukwanda kwezinto zenguqu kwi-alloy.

I-strontium

I-strontium yinto esebenzayo-esebenzayo enokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwezigaba ze-intetmetallic rases. Ke ngoko, unyango lwenkqubo ye-strontium inokuphucula ukusebenza kweplastiki kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ngenxa yexesha layo elilungileyo lokuguqulwa, isiphumo esihle kunye nokuzala, uStrontium uthathe indawo yokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium kwi-Aldium kwi-Aldium kwi-AL-SALDS kule minyaka idlulileyo ye-al-Si. Ukongeza i-0.015% 0.03% stafsium kwi-Aluminium Allousion ijika iSigaba se-IngoFsi kwi-IngoTsi, ukunciphisa i-Iyot Homogensis, i-70%, ukuphucula ukwenziwa kweplastiki kunye nokuphuculwa kweplastiki yezinto zempahla; ukuphucula ubungqingqwa beemveliso.

Kwisilika ephezulu (i-10% ye-13%) ye-Aluminum yeAluminum, yongeza i-0.02% ye-0.07% yenqaku elinokunciphisa amakristali eprayimari, kwaye iipropathi zoomatshini nazo ziphucule kakhulu. Amandla e-subile б Ukongeza iStrontium kwi-Alpereethectic Al-Siloloy inokunciphisa ubungakanani beepropathi ze-silicon, ukuphucula iipropathi zeplastiki, kunye nokwenza ukuba ishushu kunye nokuqengqeleka.

I-zirconium

I-ziirconium ikwayinto eqhelekileyo kwi-aluminum alloys. Ngokubanzi, isixa esongezwa kwi-AlUminium Alfs yi-0.1% ~ 0.3%. I-Zirconium kunye ne-Aluminium yeFomu ye-ZALL3 ye-ZALRAMs, ezinokuthintela inkqubo ye-revystalling kwaye icoce iingqolowa ze-grarystall. I-ziirconium inokuphucula isakhiwo sokuphosa, kodwa isiphumo sincinci kune-titanium. Ubukho be-zirconium buya kunciphisa isiphumo sokuhlaziywa kwengqolowa kwe-titanium ne-boron. Kwi-Al-ZN-ZN-MG-Cu ALTYS, ekubeni i-ziirconium inefuthe elincinci lokwenza imvakalelo ye-chromium kunye ne-manganese, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isakhiwo esifanelekileyo.

Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba

Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zongezwa kwi-Aluminiyam Altses yokwandisa icandelo le-AlumAm Alfy, Coca i-Grains, ukunciphisa isithuba sekristali, kwaye unciphise isigaba sokufakwa kwezinto. Inganciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba, yanda kulwelo, kwaye ilungiselele ukuphosa kwi-ingots, enefuthe elibonakalayo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Kungcono ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo kwinani le-0.1%. Ukongezwa kwemihlaba enqabileyo (i-LA-CE-PR-PR-ND, njl.njl) kunciphisa iqondo lobushushu ebalulekileyo lokuyila g? I-Aluminium Alfayinting I-Agnesium inokukhuthaza i-metamorphism yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.

Ukungcola

I-Adadium Folic11 I-Vaundlictory yeAluminum, edlala indima ekucoceni ingqolowa ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye ne-tirconium ne-zirconium. U-Adadim unefuthe lokuphucula isakhiwo esibonakalayo kunye nokwandisa ubushushu be-recrystalling.

I-solubaum eqinileyo ye-calcium kwi-Aluminium ye-Altinum iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iyinxalenye ye-caal4 ye-caal4 nge-aluminium. I-calcium yindawo ye-superplaistic ye-allousim alloys. I-aluminium Alloy ene-5% ye-calcium kunye ne-5% ye-manganese ine-superplastity. I-calcium kunye nefom ye-silicon casi, enganyibilikiyo kwi-aluminium. Ukusukela isisombululo esiqingqiweyo se-silicon sincitshisiwe, ukuqhubela kombane kwe-alminum ye-aluminiyam ecocekileyo kunokuphuculwa kancinane. I-calcium inokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kwe-alloys alloys. I-Casi2 ayinakukomeleza i-Aluminium ye-alloys ngokusebenzisa ubushushu. Ixabiso le-calcium liluncedo ekususeni i-hydrogen kwi-molten aluminium alumininum.

Khokelela, i-tin, kunye neendlela ze-bisuths ziphantsi zentsimbi. Ukuzenzela kwabo ezomeleleyo kwi-aluminium lincinci, elinciphisa kakhulu amandla e-alloy, kodwa kunokuphucula ukusebenza. I-bismth iyakhula ngexesha lokuqina, nto leyo eyingenelo ukondla. Ukongeza i-bismuth ukuya kwi-ALDINS ephezulu ye-degnesium kunokuthintela i-sodium.

I-antimony isetyenziswa ikakhulu njenge-modifier kwi-allominum ye-allows, kwaye inqabile ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-allominum yeAluminum. Faka kuphela i-bismuth kwi-al-mg defaum alloy ye-Aluminum yokuthintela i-Sodium. Inqaku le-antimony longezwa kwezinye ii-al-ze-ZN-ZG-FUALYS zokuphucula ukusebenza kwendlela yokucinezelwa eshushu kunye nokucinezelwa kubandayo.

I-Beryllium inokuphucula ubume befilimu ye-oxide kwi-Alumnom yeAluminum kwaye inciphise ilahleko evuthayo kunye nokufakelwa ngexesha lokunyibilika nokuphosa. I-Beryllium yinto enetyhefu enokubangela ityhefu yetyhefu ebantwini. Ke ngoko, iBeryllium ayinakufumaneka kwi-Aluminium Alfs ezazinxibelelana nokutya neziselo. Umxholo weBeryllium kwizixhobo ze-welding zihlala zilawulwa ngezantsi kwe-8μg / ml. I-Aluminium Alfs isetyenziswa njengamantshontsho e-Wolding kufuneka alawule umxholo weBeryllium.

I-sodium phantse ingena-suminum kwi-aluminium, kwaye uninzi lwezinto eziqinileyo zingaphantsi kwe-0.0025%. Indawo yokunyibilika yesodium iphantsi (97.8 ℃), xa i-sodium ifumaneka kwi-alloy, iqinisekile kumda we-dendrita okanye i-sodium yomda, i-sodium kumda wenkozo, Okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweBrittle, ukumiswa kwemigaqo ye-naphalsi, akukho sodium yasimahla ikho, kwaye ayivelisi "isodium brittle".

Xa isiqulatho se-Magnesium sidlula kwi-2%, i-magnesium, i-magnesium ihlutha i-silicon kwaye ichaze i-sodium yasimahla, ikhokelela "kwiSodium Brittle". Ke ngoko, i-Aluminium ephezulu ye-Aluminium Alloty ayivumelekanga ukuba isebenzise i-slodium yetyuwa. Iindlela zokuthintela "i-sodium yokuzala" ibandakanya i-chlorituwari, enokubangela i-sodium ibe yi-NACL kwaye ikhutshiwe kwi-Slag, eyongeza i-bismuting ye-NA2BIX; Ukongeza i-antimony ukwenza i-na3sb okanye ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo kunokuba nefuthe elifanayo.

Ihlelwe ngoMeyi kaMeyi Jiang kwi-Aluminum