IReuters ibonakala inemithombo emihle kakhulu ngaphakathi kweTesla. Kwingxelo yomhla we-14 kaSeptemba 2023, ithi akukho ngaphantsi kwe-5 abantu abayixelele ukuba inkampani isondela kwinjongo yayo yokuphosa umzimba ongaphantsi kweemoto zayo kwisiqwenga esinye. I-die casting yinkqubo elula ngokufanelekileyo. Yenza i-mold, igcwalise ngesinyithi esityhidiweyo, yiyeke ipholile, isuse i-mold, kwaye i-voila! Imoto yangoko. Isebenza kakuhle ukuba wenza iiTinkertoys okanye iimoto zeMatchbox, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuba uzama ukuyisebenzisa ukwenza iimoto ezipheleleyo.
Iinqwelo zeConestoga zazakhiwe phezu kweefreyimu ezenziwe ngamaplanga. Iimoto zamandulo zazikwasebenzisa iifreyimu zamaplanga. Xa uHenry Ford wadala umgca wendibano yokuqala, isiqhelo yayikukwakha izithuthi kwisakhelo seleli - iintsimbi ezimbini zentsimbi ziboshwe kunye neziqhekeza. Imoto yokuqala yokuvelisa i-unibody yayiyiCitroen Traction Avant ngo-1934, ilandelwa yiChrysler Airflow kunyaka olandelayo.
Iimoto ezizimeleyo azinasakhelo ngaphantsi kwazo. Kunoko, umzimba wesinyithi ubumba kwaye uqulunqwe ngendlela enokuthi ixhase ubunzima be-drivetrain kunye nokukhusela abahlali xa kwenzeka ingozi. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950s, abavelisi beemoto, bekhuthazwa kukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha eziqaliswe ziinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neHonda kunye neToyota, batshintshela ekwenzeni iimoto eziziimoto eziqhutywa ngamavili angaphambili.
I-powertrain iyonke, iphelele nge-injini, uthungelwano, umahluko, ii-driveshafts, ii-struts, kunye neziqhoboshi, yafakwa kwiqonga elahlukileyo elaphakanyiswa labekwa lisuka ngezantsi kumgca wokudityaniswa, endaweni yokuwisa injini kunye nothumelo phakathi ukusuka ngasentla kwendlela ephuma ngayo. kwenziwa kwiimoto ezakhiwe kwifreyimu. Isizathu sotshintsho? Amaxesha okudibanisa akhawulezayo akhokelela ekuthotyweni kweendleko zeyunithi yokuvelisa.
Ixesha elide, itekhnoloji ye-unibody yayikhethwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziimoto zoqoqosho ngelixa iifreyimu zeleli yayilukhetho lweesedan ezinkulu kunye neenqwelo. Kwakukho imixube exutywe kuyo - iimoto ezinefreyimu yefreyimu ngaphambili zifakwe kwindawo yokukhwela abantu abangabanye. I-Chevy Nova kunye ne-MGB yayiyimizekelo yalo mkhwa, engazange ihlale ixesha elide.
I-Tesla Pivots kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuCasa
UTesla, owenze umkhwa wokuphazamisa indlela ezenziwa ngayo iimoto, waqala ukuzama ukuphoswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo. Okokuqala igxile ekwenzeni isakhiwo esingasemva. Yakuba ilungile, yatshintshela ekwenzeni isakhiwo sangaphambili. Ngoku, ngokwemithombo, uTesla ugxile kuxinzelelo lokuphosa umphambili, iziko, kunye namacandelo angasemva konke kumsebenzi omnye.
Ngoba? Kuba iindlela zokwenziwa kwemveli zisebenzisa ukuya kutsho kuma-400 izitampu zomntu ngamnye ezithi ke zidityaniswe, zibotshwe, zikrwelwe, okanye zincanyathiselwe ukwenza ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo lwe-unibody. Ukuba iTesla inokufumana eli lungelo, iindleko zayo zokuvelisa zinokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 pesenti. Oko ke, kuya kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kuye wonke omnye umenzi ukuba aphendule okanye azifumane engakwazi ukukhuphisana.
Ayinakutsho into yokuba abo bavelisi baziva becinezelwe macala onke njengoko abasebenzi abakwi-upity union benkqonkqoza emasangweni befuna isiqwenga esikhulu sayo nayiphi na inzuzo efunyanwayo.
UTerry Woychowsk, owayesebenza kwaGeneral Motors iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, uyazi into okanye ezimbini malunga nokwenza iimoto. Ngoku ungumongameli wenkampani yobunjineli yaseMelika iCaresoft Global. Uxelela iReuters ukuba ukuba uTesla uyakwazi ukwenza i-gigacast uninzi lwe-underbody ye-EV, iya kuphazamisa ngakumbi indlela iimoto eziyilwe ngayo kwaye zenziwe. “Sisixhobo esisebenza kwii-steroids. Inempembelelo enkulu kwishishini, kodwa ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ii-castings, ngakumbi ezinkulu kwaye zintsonkothe ngakumbi. ”
Emibini yemithombo ithe uyilo olutsha lukaTesla kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa buthetha ukuba inkampani inokuphuhlisa imoto ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24, ngelixa uninzi lwabakhuphisana ngoku lunokuthatha iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine. Isakhelo esikhulu esinye - esidibanisa amacandelo angaphambili nangasemva kunye nombindi ongaphantsi apho ibhetri igcinwe khona - ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imoto entsha, encinci yombane ethengisa malunga ne-25,000 yeedola. UTesla bekulindeleke ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba asweleke afake iqonga elinye nje kule nyanga, abathathu bemithombo bathi.
Imingeni ebalulekileyo ePhambili
Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kuTesla ekusebenziseni ukuphoswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kukuyila ii-subframes ezingenanto kodwa zineembambo zangaphakathi ezifunekayo ukuze zikwazi ukutshabalalisa amandla okwenzeka ngexesha leengozi. Imithombo ibanga ukuqalwa kwezinto ezintsha ngoyilo kunye neengcali zokuphosa eBritani, eJamani, eJapan, nase-United States zisebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D kunye nesanti yoshishino.
Ukwenza umngundo ofunekayo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuphosa amacandelo amakhulu kunokuba yindleko kakhulu kwaye kuza nobungozi obukhulu. Nje ukuba kwenziwe umngundo omkhulu wesinyithi, ukwenziwa kwe-tweaks ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo kunokubiza i-100,000 yeedola, okanye ukwenza kwakhona ukubumba ngokupheleleyo kunokuza kwi-1.5 yezigidi zeedola, ngokutsho kwengcali yokuphosa. Omnye uthe yonke inkqubo yoyilo lokungunda kwentsimbi enkulu iya kuxabisa malunga nezigidi ezi-4 zeedola.
Uninzi lwee-automakers luthathe ixabiso kunye neengozi ziphezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kuba uyilo lunokufuna isiqingatha seshumi elinambini okanye ngaphezulu i-tweaks ukufezekisa ukufa okugqibeleleyo ngokwembono yengxolo kunye nokungcangcazela, ukulingana kunye nokugqiba, i-ergonomics kunye nokuwa. Kodwa umngcipheko yinto engafane imkhathaze u-Elon Musk, owayengowokuqala ukwenza iirokethi zibhabhe ngasemva.
Isanti yoShishino kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D
Kuxelwe ukuba uTesla uguqukele kwiifemu ezenza iimolds zovavanyo kwisanti yamashishini enabashicileli be3D. Besebenzisa ifayile yoyilo lwedijithali, abashicileli abaziwa ngokuba ziijethi zokubopha bafaka i-arhente ebophelelayo elulwelo kumaleko obhityileyo wesanti kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bakhe ukungunda, umaleko ngokomaleko, onokufa ukugalela ingxubevange etyhidiweyo. Ngokutsho komnye umthombo, iindleko zenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuyila kunye neendleko zokulahla isanti malunga ne-3% yokwenza into efanayo kunye neprototype yensimbi.
Oko kuthetha ukuba uTesla unokutshintsha iiprototypes amaxesha amaninzi njengoko kufuneka, aphinde aprinte entsha kwisithuba seeyure esebenzisa oomatshini abavela kwiinkampani ezinjengeDesktop Metal kunye neyunithi yayo ye-ExOne. Umjikelo wokuqinisekisa uyilo kusetyenziswa ukugalelwa kwesanti kuthatha kuphela iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, imithombo emibini ithe, xa kuthelekiswa naphi na ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka ukungunda okwenziwe ngesinyithi.
Ngaphandle kobo bhetyebhetye mkhulu, nangona kunjalo, kwakusekho omnye umqobo omkhulu ekufuneka woyiswe ngaphambi kokuba ukulinganisa okukhulu kwenziwe ngempumelelo. I-alloys ye-aluminiyam esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-castings iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-molds eyenziwe ngesanti kunokuba i-molds eyenziwe ngesinyithi. Iiprototypes zangaphambili zihlala zisilela ukuhlangabezana neenkcukacha zikaTesla.
Iingcali zokugalela zoyisa oko ngokuqulunqa iialloyi ezikhethekileyo, ukulungisa kakuhle inkqubo yokupholisa ingxubevange enyibilikisiweyo, kunye nokuza nonyango lobushushu lwasemva kokuveliswa, imithombo emithathu yathi. Nje ukuba uTesla aneliseke yiprototype mold yesanti, inokutyala imali kwimold yentsimbi yokugqibela yokuvelisa ngobuninzi.
Imithombo yathi imoto encinci / i-robotaxi ezayo kaTesla inike ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuphosa iqonga le-EV kwisiqwenga esinye, ngakumbi kuba i-underbody yayo ilula. Iimoto ezincinci azinayo “i-overhang” enkulu ngaphambili nangasemva. “Kufana nephenyane ngendlela, itreyi yebhetri enamaphiko amancinane ancanyatheliswe kuzo zozibini iziphelo. Kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukwenza isiqwenga esinye, ”utshilo omnye umntu.
Imithombo ithi uTesla kusafuneka athathe isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lokushicilela aza kuwusebenzisa ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuphosa umntu ongaphantsi kwisiqwenga esinye. Ukwenza amalungu omzimba amakhulu ngokukhawuleza kuya kufuna oomatshini abakhulu bokuphosa abanamandla okubamba iitoni ezili-16,000 nangaphezulu. Oomatshini abanjalo baya kuba nexabiso eliphezulu yaye banokufuna izakhiwo ezinkulu zomzi-mveliso.
Oomatshini bokushicilela abanamandla okubamba aphezulu abanakukwazi ukuthwala i-3D-printed cores yesanti efunekayo ukwenza i-subframes engenanto. Ukucombulula loo ngxaki, uTesla usebenzisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lokushicilela apho i-alloy etyhidiweyo inokutofwa ngokucothayo-indlela ekholisa ukuvelisa ukuhanjiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwaye inokwamkela amacore esanti.
Ingxaki yile: loo nkqubo ithatha ixesha elide. "UTesla usenokukhetha uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemveliso, okanye banokukhetha inaliti ye-alloy ecothayo kumgangatho kunye nokuguquguquka," utshilo omnye wabantu. “Iseyingqekembe ephoswayo okwangoku.”
I-Takeaway
Nokuba sithini na isigqibo asenzayo uTesla, siya kuba neempembelelo eziya kuthi xhaxhe kumzi mveliso wezithuthi kwihlabathi liphela. I-Tesla, ngaphandle kokuhla kwexabiso okubalulekileyo, isenza iimoto zombane ngenzuzo-into eyenziwa ngabayili be-automakers yelifa bafumana kunzima kakhulu ukuyenza.
Ukuba iTesla inokucutha iindleko zayo zokwenza kakhulu ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezo nkampani ziya kuba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho. Akunzima ukucinga ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwi-Kodak kunye neNokia eyenzekayo kubo. Apho oko kungalushiya uqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye bonke abasebenzi abenza iimoto zesiqhelo ngoku kuqikelelwa nguye nabani na.
Umthombo:https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/17/tesla-may-have-perfected-one-piece-casting-technology/
Umbhali: USteve Hanley
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-05-2024
