Uvavanyo olunobunzima ikakhulu lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukumisela amandla ezinto zensimbi ukuxhathisa umonakalo ngexesha lenkqubo yoluliweyo, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ubugcisa bezixhobo.
I-1. Uvavanyo lweTensle
Uvavanyo lwe-phaile lusekwe kwimigaqo esisiseko yoomatshini. Ngokusebenzisa umthwalo onengqiniba kwisampulu yezinto ezibonakalayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kubangela ukungcungcuthekisileyo kude kube yikhefu. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ukwenziwa kwesampulu yovavanyo phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nomthwalo ophezulu xa kurekhodwa isampuli, ukuze ubale amandla esivumo, amandla anencale kunye nezinye izikhombisi zentsebenzo.
Uxinzelelo σ = f / A
σ Ngaba amandla e-nye (MPA)
F ngumthwalo onenkohliso (n)
I-A yindawo enqamlezayo yecawa
I-2. Ijika le-tensle
Uhlalutyo lwamanqanaba aliqela enkqubo yolusu:
a. Kwinqanaba le-OP kunye nomthwalo omncinci, i-elonglotion ikwi-intanethi ubudlelwane kunye nomthwalo, kwaye i-FP ngowona mthwalo uphezulu ukugcina umgca othe ngqo.
b. Emva komthwalo ugqitha i-FP, i-curle curve iqala ukuthatha ubudlelwane obungapheliyo. Isampulu ifaka inqanaba lokuqala lokusebenzela, kwaye umthwalo uyasuswa, kwaye isampulu inokubuyela kwimeko yayo yoqobo kunye ne-Elasticy.
c. Emva komda kugqitha fe, umthwalo uyasuswa, inxalenye yengcaciso ibuyiselwe, kwaye inxalenye yengcaciso entsalelayo igcinwa, ebizwa ngokuba yiScrifortion. UFE ubizwa ngokuba ngumda we-elastic.
d. Xa umthwalo unyusa ngakumbi, ijika le ntensle libonisa i-sawtooth. Xa umthwalo ongenyukanga okanye unciphise, i-phenomenon ye-Eloutyhation eqhubekayo yesampulu yovavanyo ibizwa ngokuba kukuveliswa. Emva kokuvelisa, isampulu iqala ukuthotyelwa kweplastiki yeplastiki.
e. Emva kokuvumela, isampulu ibonakalisa ukwanda kokunganyangeki kwengxaki, ukwenza lukhuni kunye nokuqiniswa kwengxaki. Xa umthwalo ufikelela kwi-FB, icandelo elifanayo lesampulu iyancipha. I-FB ngumda wamandla.
f. I-shrinkage panomenon ikhokelela ekunciphiseni komthamo wokuphatha isampulu. Xa umthwalo ufikelela kwi-fk, isakhelo sesampulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wokuqhekeka.
Unikeze Amandla
Isivuno selixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo ukuba izinto zentsimbi zinokukhulisa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesahlulo seplastiki ukuze sigcwalise iqhekeza xa liphantsi kwamandla angaphandle. Elixabiso liphawula indawo ebaluleke kakhulu apho uthunyelwa kwizinto ezivela kwinqanaba lokuphumeza okwenziwe kwinqanaba lesiciko seplastiki.
Ukwahlulahlula
Ukomelela okuphezulu, kubhekisa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesampulu ngaphambi kokunyanzelwa kwamandla okokuqala xa kuziphindezela.
Amandla esivuno esisezantsi: kubhekiswa kuxinzelelo oluncinci kwinqanaba lesivuno xa iziphumo zokuqala zethutyana azihoywa. Ukusukela ukuba ixabiso lendawo eliphantsi leliveli lizinzile, lihlala lisetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokunganyangwa kwezinto, esibizwa ngokuba sisivuno senqaku okanye ukuvelisa amandla.
Ifomula yeBanga
Kwisilivere ephezulu: R = F / Sₒ, apho f ngamandla aphezulu ngaphambi kokuba amandla agqitha okokuqala kwinqanaba lokuvelisa, kunye ne-Sₒ yindawo yokuqala yecandelo lesampulu.
Kwisilivere ephantsi
Iyunithi
Iyunithi yamandla esivelisi ihlala i-MPA (MegapasCal) okanye i-N / MM² (iNewton nganye kwiMimimenti yesibhozo).
Umzekelo
Thatha i-carbon yekharbon njengomzekelo, umda wayo welivuni uhlala u-207MPA. Xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle ngaphezulu komda, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi iya kuvelisa isiphoso esisisigxina kwaye asinakubuyiselwa; Xa uphantsi kwamandla angaphandle angaphantsi komda, intsimbi yekhabhoni esezantsi inokubuyela kwimeko yayo yoqobo.
Ukuveza amandla yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya iipropathi zezinto zentsimbi. Ibonisa ubuchule bezinto zokwenza izinto zokuxhathisa inkcazo yeplastiki xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle.
Tensile strength
Amandla obu-subile kukukwazi ukwenza umbandela wokumelana nomonakalo ophantsi komthwalo oziinkozo, ochazwe ngokuthe ngqo njengolona xabiso lubalaseleyo loxinzelelo olunokubonisa le nkqubo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-thensile. Xa uxinzelelo lobungqingiwa kwizinto ezibonakalayo lingaphezulu kwamandla ayo, izinto ziya kusebenza ngeplastiki okanye ukwaphuka kweplastiki.
Ifomula yeBanga
Ifomula yokubala ukubala amandla e-thensle (σt) yile:
σt = f / a
Apho f ingamandla amanqamli (iNewton, n) ukuba i-timemen ingahlukana nayo ngaphambi kokuqhekeza, kwaye i-is yindawo yokuqala yecandelo (i-millimeter ye-millimeter ye-millimeter (MM²).
Iyunithi
Iyunithi yamandla e-thensle idla ngokuba yi-MPA (MegapasCal) okanye i-N / MM² (iNewton nganye kwiMimimetha yesibhozo). I-1 MPA ilingana ne-1 000 000 yeeNewtons kwimitha nganye yesikwere, elingana ne-1 N / MM².
Izinto zokuphembelela
Amandla amanxuwa achaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu, indlela yokulungisa, njl njl. izixhobo.
Isicelo esisebenzayo
Amandla amanxuwa yiparameter ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezeNzululwazi kunye nobunjineli, kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubugcisa bezinto zezixhobo. Ngokuphathelele uyilo, ukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo, uvavanyo lwezokhuseleko, njl njl. Umzekelo, kubunjineli bokwakha, amandla e-subile yensimbi yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inokumelana nemithwalo; Kwintsimi ye-aerospace, amandla e-thensen ezifumanekayo kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu ezinamandla sisitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya.
Amandla okudinisa:
Intsimbi yentsimbi ibhekisa kwinkqubo apho izixhobo kunye nezinto ezinqulayo zivelisa umonakalo osisigxina kwindawo enye okanye ezininzi phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-cyclic okanye i-cyclin yenzeka ngequbuliso emva kwenani lemijikelezo.
Iimbonakalo
Ngequbuliso emva kwexesha: Ukusilela kwentsimbi ukusilela kuhlala kwenzeka ngequbuliso ngexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kwemiqondiso ecacileyo.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ukungakhathali kokukhathalele kuhlala kwenzeka kwiindawo zasekhaya apho uxinzelelo lujolise khona.
Imvakalelo yokubekwa kwendalo kunye neziphene: I-FITE ye-FOAT inovelwano kakhulu kwindalo kunye neziphene ezincinci ngaphakathi kwezinto, ezinokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokudinwa.
Izinto zokuphembelela
Uxinzelelo lwe-Amest Amplity: Ubungakanani boxinzelelo buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bokudinwa kwesinyithi.
I-avareji yoxinzelelo olukhulu: omkhulu ophakathi ophakathi, okufutshane nobomi bentsimbi.
Inani lemijikelezo: Ngamaxesha amaninzi eso sinyithi siphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-cyclic okanye uxinzelelo, kokukhona kuqokelelo olubi ngakumbi lomonakalo wokukhathazeka.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko
Yenza ukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo: Khetha izixhobo kunye nemida ephezulu yokudinwa.
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo: Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loyilo ngokuyilwa okanye iindlela zokulungisa, njengokusebenzisa iikona zekona ezijikelezileyo, ukwanda kwemilinganiselo yecandelo, njl.
Unyango lomhlaba: iPoling, ukutshiza, njl njl.
Ukuhlolwa kunye nolondolozo: IIMPENDULO EZIQHELEKILEYO ZOKUFUNDA NGOKUFANELEKILEYO NOKUHLAZIYWA KWEZIXHOBO ZOKUGQIBELA EZIQHELEKILEYO; Gcina iindawo zithambekele ekukhathaleni, njengokutshintsha iinxalenye ezinxibe kwaye ukuqinisa amakhonkco obuthathaka.
Ukudinwa kwentsimbi yimowudi yokusilela yentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ebonakaliswa ngequbuliso, indawo kunye nemvakalelo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-AMLLX, i-avareji yoxinzelelo kunye nenani lemijikelezo yeyona miba iphambili echaphazela ukudinwa kwentsimbi yesinyithi.
I-curve: ichaza ubukho bezinto ezikhathazayo zezixhobo phantsi kwenqanaba loxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo, apho imele uxinzelelo kwaye n imele inani leemijikelezo zoxinzelelo.
Amandla okudinwa amandla e-compofu fomula:
(Kf = ka \ CODT KB \ CODT KC \ CODT KD \ CODT KE)
Apho (fa) ngumxholo, (kb) luhlobo lobushushu, (kc) luhlobo lobushushu, (kd) lubalulekile, (kd) lumgangatho osemgangathweni, kwaye (ke) luphawu lokuthembeka.
I-SN Thumela intetho yesibalo:
(\ sigma ^ m = c)
Apho (\ sigma) yoxinzelelo, n linani lemijikelezo yoxinzelelo, kunye no-M no-C zizinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukubala amanyathelo
Chonga iziyobisi ezibonakalayo:
Chonga amaxabiso om-m kunye c ngovavanyo okanye ngokubhekisa kuncwadi olululo.
Chonga into yoxinzelelo: Cinga ngemilo yenyani kunye nobungakanani benxalenye, kunye nokuxinana koxinzelelo okubangelwa kukugxila kwe-fillets, iindlela, njl njl. Into yoxinaniso, idityaniswe nobomi boyilo kunye nenqanaba lokusebenza lokusebenza kwenxalenye, ukubala amandla okudinisa.
2. Iplasitiki:
Iplasitim ibhekisa kwipropathi yempahla ethi, xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle, ivelisa isipho esisisigxina ngaphandle kokwaphula xa amandla angaphandle engaphezulunga. Esi siphoso asinakulungiswa, kwaye izinto aziyi kubuyela kwimilo yayo yoqobo nokuba amandla angaphandle asusiwe.
Isalathiso seplasitiki kunye nefomula ye-Corula
I-Elongwation (δ)
Ingcaciso: I-Elongening yipesenti yengcaciso ewonke yecandelo le-gauge emva kokuba i-timemen i-tedile ifakwe kwicandelo le-geage yoqobo.
Ifomula: δ = (L1 - L0) / L0 × 100%
Apho i-L0 ubude be-gege ye-gege ye-gegemen;
I-L1 luhlobo lwegegeti emva kokuba inqaku liphukile.
Ukuncitshiswa kwesahlulo (ψ)
Ingcaciso: Ukuncitshiswa kwesahlulo sepesenti yokuncitshiswa okuphezulu kwindawo yecandelo lecandelo kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo emva kokuba kwenziwe indawo yecandelo.
IFomula: ψ = (F0 - F1) / F0 × 100%
Apho i-F0 yindawo yokuqala yecandelo le-tappemen;
I-F1 yindawo enqamlezayo kwindawo enomgangatho ofanelekileyo emva kokuba i-tackimen yaphukile.
3. Ubunzima
Ubunzima besinyithi yisalathiso sepropathi yoomatshini ukulinganisa ubunzima beentsimbi. Ibonisa amandla okumelana nengxaki kwivolumu yendawo kumphezulu wensimbi.
Ukuhlelwa kunye nokumelwa kobunzima besinyithi
Ubunzima besinyithi buneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlelwa kunye neendlela zokubonisa ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Ikakhulu kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
I-Brinell Hard (HB):
Ubungakanani besicelo: Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi xa izinto zithambekele, ezinjengeentsimbi ezingezombethe, intsimbi ngaphambi konyango lobushushu okanye emva kokuthandwa.
Umgaqo woVavanyo: Ngobungakanani obuthile bovavanyo, ibhola yentsimbi yentsimbi okanye ibhola ye-carbide yedayimitha ethile icinezelwe kumphezulu wensimbi, kwaye umthwalo ungaphandle emva kwexesha elimiselweyo Kumphezulu oza kuvavanywa kulinganiswa.
Ifomula yeBanga: Ixabiso lobunzima be-brinell sisizathu esifunyanisiweyo esifunyanisiweyo ngokwahlulahlulwa komthwalo kwindawo yendawo ye-schection.
I-Rockwell Hard (hr):
Ubungakanani besicelo: Ngokubanzi isetyenziselwa izixhobo ngokunzima kakhulu, njengobukhali emva konyango lobushushu.
Umgaqo wovavanyo: Efana ne-brinell ubunzima, kodwa usebenzisa i-putees ezahlukeneyo (idayimani) kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala.
Iindidi: Kuxhomekeka kwisicelo, kukho i-HRC (yeZixhobo ezinzima), i-HRO, HRB kunye nezinye iintlobo.
I-Wickers Hard (HV):
Ubungakanani besicelo: Ilungele uhlalutyo lwe-Microscope.
Umgaqo woVavanyo: Cinezela umqobo wezinto ezinomthwalo onomthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-120KG kunye ne-Direet Conne I-Interne ye-vertex ye-vertex ye-vertex ye-vertex ye-verten yexabiso le-verten yokufumana ubunzima.
I-LEEB Fard (HL):
Iimpawu: Ubunzima obuphawulayo, ngokulula ukulinganisa.
UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKUGQIBELA
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-25-2024
