Indima yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwi-High-End 7xxx Series i-Aluminiyam egqwethiweyo ialloys

Uphando olubanzi lwenziwe ekongezwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (REEs) kwi-7xxx, 5xxx, kunye ne-2xxx i-alloys series aluminiyam, ebonisa iziphumo eziphawulekayo. Ngokukodwa, ii-alloys ze-7xxx ze-aluminium, eziqulethe izinto ezininzi ze-alloying, zihlala zifumana ulwahlulo olunzima ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye nokuphosa, okukhokelela ekwenziweni kweemali ezibalulekileyo zezigaba ze-eutectic. Oku kunciphisa ukuqina kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corrosion, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwe-alloy. Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwii-alloys ze-aluminium ezixutywe kakhulu kunokucoca iinkozo, ukucinezela ulwahlulo, kunye nokucoca i-matrix, ngaloo ndlela iphucula i-microstructure kunye neepropati ezipheleleyo.

Kutshanje, uhlobo lwesisulungesi sengqolowa esigqwethekileyo siye safumana ingqalelo. Aba basulungeki basebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana ne-La kunye ne-Ce ukunyusa ukudodobala kweenkozo kunye nemida ye-subgrain. Oku akugcini nje ukucokisa iinkozo kodwa kwakhona kukhuthaza ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-precipitates, icinezela i-recrystallization, kwaye iphucula kakhulu i-alloy ductility, ekugqibeleni ikhulise imveliso kwiinkqubo ze-extrusion.

Kuluhlu lwe-7xxx lwealluminiyam alloys, izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zongezwa ngokubanzi ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zodwa;

2.Ukuhlanganiswa kweZr kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba;

3.Ukuhlanganiswa kweZr, Cr, kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.

Isiqulatho esipheleleyo sezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokuqhelekileyo zilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.1-0.5 wt%.

Iinkqubo zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba

Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinje ngeLa, Ce, Sc, Er, Gd, kunye noY zifaka isandla kwiialloys zealuminium ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi:

Ucokiso lokuziinkozo: Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zenza amanzi asasazeke ngokufanayo asebenza njengeziza ze-nucleation ezahlukeneyo, eziguqula izakhiwo zedendritic zibe ziinkozo ezilinganayo, eziphucula amandla kunye nokudumba.

Ukunciphisa ulwahlulo: Ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye nokuqina, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zikhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezifanayo, ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-eutectic, kunye nokwandisa ubuninzi be-matrix.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwe-matrix: I-Y, i-La, kunye ne-Ce inokusabela ngokungcola kwi-melt (O, H, N, S) ukwenza iikhompawundi ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa umxholo wegesi kunye nokufakwa, okwandisa umgangatho we-alloy.

Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuziphatha yokuhlaziya: Izinto ezithile ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokukhonkotha imida yengqolowa kunye ne-subgrain, inqanda ukushukuma kwe-dislocation kunye nokufuduka komda wokuziinkozo. Oku kulibazisa ukubuyiswa kwakhona kunye nokugcina izakhiwo ze-subgrain ezintle ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-thermal, ukuphucula zombini amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola.

Izinto eziphambili eziRare Earth kunye neziphumo zazo

Iscandiyam (Sc)

I-Sc ineyona radiyasi incinci yeatom phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye ikwayintsimbi yotshintsho. Isebenza kakhulu ekwandiseni iipropathi ze-alloys ze-aluminiyam ezinokukhubazeka.

Kwiialloyi zealuminiyam, iSc iyaqina njenge-Al₃Sc ehambelanayo, inyusa iqondo lobushushu lokuphinda ikristale kwaye icinezele ukucolwa kweenkozo.

Xa idityaniswe ne-Zr, ubushushu obuphezulu obuzinzile i-Al₃(Sc,Zr) ifom yamasuntswana, ikhuthaza iinkozo ezintle ezilinganayo kunye nokuthintela ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation kunye nokufuduka komda weenkozo. Oku kuphucula amandla, ukuxhathisa ukukhathala, kunye nokusebenza koxinzelelo-ukutya.

I-Sc egqithisileyo inokukhokelela kumasuntswana e-Al₃(Sc,Zr) arhabaxa, ukunciphisa isakhono sokwenziwa kwakhona kwekristale, amandla, kunye ne-ductility.

I-Erbium (Er)

I-Er yenza ngokufanayo ne-Sc kodwa ineendleko ezingaphezulu.

Kuluhlu lwe-alloys ze-7xxx, izongezo ezifanelekileyo ze-Er zicokisa iinkozo, zinqanda intshukumo ye-dislocation kunye nokufuduka komda wokuziinkozo, ukucinezela i-recrystallization, kunye nokwandisa amandla.

Xa idityaniswe kunye ne-Zr, i-Al₃ (Er, Zr) iifom ze-particle, ezizinzile ngakumbi nge-thermal kune-Al₃Er yodwa, ibonelela ngoxinzelelo olungcono lwe-recrystallization.

I-Er egqithisileyo inokuvelisa izigaba ze-Al₈Cu₄Er, ukunciphisa zombini amandla kunye ne-ductility.

IGadolinium (Gd)

Izongezo ze-Gd eziPhakathi zisulungekisa iinkozo, zonyusa amandla kunye ne-ductility, kwaye ziphucula ukunyibilika kwe-Zn, iMg, kunye ne-Cu kwi-matrix.

Isiphumo se-Al₃(Gd,Zr) sesigaba se-pins dislocations kunye nemida ye-subgrain, ukucinezela i-recrystallization. Umboniso bhanyabhanya osebenzayo nawo wenza kumphezulu weenkozo, unciphisa ngakumbi ukukhula kweenkozo.

I-Gd egqithisileyo inokubangela ukuba iinkozo zibe rhabaxa kwaye ziwohloke iimpawu zoomatshini.

ILanthanum (La), iCerium (Ce), kunye neYttrium (Y)

I-La icoca iinkozo, inciphisa umxholo we-oksijini, kwaye yenza ifilimu esebenzayo kwiindawo eziziinkozo ukuze inqanda ukukhula.

I-La kunye ne-Ce ikhuthaza indawo ye-GP kunye ne-η′ isigaba semvula, ukuphucula amandla e-matrix kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.

I-Y ihlambulula i-matrix, ithintela ukuchithwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-alloying kwisisombululo esiqinileyo, ikhuthaza i-nucleation, kwaye inciphisa ukungafani okukhoyo phakathi kwemida yeenkozo kunye nezinto zangaphakathi, ukwandisa ukuxhathisa ukubola.

Ukugqithisa i-La, i-Ce, okanye i-Y kunokukhokelela kwiikhompawundi zebhlokhi ezirhabaxa, ezinciphisa i-ductility kunye namandla.

Iipropati zezinto eziphambili zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye neempawu zazo kwi-aluminiyam