Iziphene eziPhambili zoMphezulu we-Aluminiyam ye-Aluminiyam i-Alloy Extruded Materials kunye neendlela zabo zokuphelisa

Iiprofayili ze-aluminium alloy ziza kwiindidi ezininzi kunye neenkcukacha, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa, ubugcisa obuyinkimbinkimbi kunye neemfuno eziphezulu. Iziphene ezahlukeneyo ziya kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yokuvelisa ukuphosa, ukukhupha, ukugqiba unyango lobushushu, unyango olungaphezulu, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha kunye nokupakishwa.

Izizathu kunye neendlela zokuphelisa iziphene zomhlaba:

1. Ukwaleka

Unobangela:

Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba umphezulu we-ingot uhlanjululwe ngeoli kunye nothuli, okanye inxalenye esebenzayo yecala langaphambili le-barrel extrusion igugile kakhulu, ibangela ukuqokelelwa kwesinyithi esingcolileyo malunga nommandla we-elastic of front end. Yenziwa xa i-sliding surface ye-elastic zone igqitywe kwi-periphery yemveliso ngexesha lokukhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ekupheleni komsila wemveliso. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokuvela kwakhona kwisiphelo esiphakathi okanye nakwisiphelo sangaphambili semveliso. Kukwakho namalungiselelo omngxuma wokufa ongekho ngqiqweni, kufutshane kakhulu nodonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo we-extrusion, ukunxiba okugqithisileyo okanye ukuguqulwa komgqomo we-extrusion kunye ne-extrusion pad, njl., enokuthi ibangele ukwaleka.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Ukuphucula ukucoceka kwendawo ye-ingot.

2) Nciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu we-cylinder extrusion kunye nesikhunta, kwaye utshintshe ngokukhawuleza i-cylinder ye-extrusion kunye ne-pad extrusion egugile kakhulu kunye nokunyamezela.

3) Phucula uyilo lokubumba kwaye wenze indawo yokufa yomngxuma kude kude nomda we-cylinder extrusion ngokunokwenzeka.

4) Nciphisa umehluko phakathi kobubanzi bepadi yokukhupha kunye nobubanzi bangaphakathi be-cylinder extrusion, kwaye unciphise isinyithi esisele esingcolileyo kwi-lining ye-cylinder extrusion.

I-5) Gcina umgca we-cylinder ye-extrusion echanekileyo, okanye usebenzise i-gasket ukucoca umgca ngexesha.

6) Emva kokusika izinto eziseleyo, kufuneka zihlambuluke kwaye akukho mafutha okugcoba kufuneka avunyelwe.

2. Amaqamza okanye ukuxobula

Unobangela:

Isizathu kukuba isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-ingot sineziphene ezifana nokukhululeka, iipores, kunye nokuqhekeka kwangaphakathi, okanye isantya sokukhupha ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuzalisa, kwaye ukukhutshwa akukuhle, kubangela ukuba umoya utsalwe kwimveliso yensimbi. .

Izizathu zokuvelisa amaqamza okanye ukuxobuka ziquka:

I-1) I-cylinder ye-extrusion kunye ne-extrusion pad zigugile kwaye zingenakunyamezela.

2) I-cylinder ye-extrusion kunye ne-extrusion pad ingcolile kakhulu kwaye ifakwe ngeoli, umswakama, igraphite, njl.;

3) Kukho iigrooves ezininzi ezinzulu kwi-ingot; okanye kukho iipores, amadyunguza, izicubu ezixengayo, kunye namabala e-oyile kumphezulu we-ingot. Umxholo we-hydrogen we-ingot uphezulu;

4) Umgqomo awuzange uhlambuluke xa utshintsha i-alloy;

5) Ubushushu be-cylinder ye-extrusion kunye ne-ingot ye-extrusion iphezulu kakhulu;

6) Ubungakanani be-ingot budlula ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo okungalunganga;

I-7) Ingot ide kakhulu, izaliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukushisa kwe-ingot akulingani;

8) Uyilo lomngxuma wokufa alunangqiqo. Okanye ukusika izinto eziseleyo ngokungafanelekanga;

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Ukuphucula umgangatho wokucoca, ukuchithwa kunye nokuphosa ukukhusela iziphene ezifana ne-pores, i-looseness, ii-cracks kunye nezinye iziphene kwi-ingot;

2) Yila ngokufanelekileyo imilinganiselo ehambelanayo ye-cylinder extrusion kunye ne-pad extrusion; khangela ubungakanani besixhobo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba siyahlangabezana neemfuno.

3) I-pad extrusion ayikwazi ukunyamezela;

4) Xa utshintsha i-alloy, i-cylinder kufuneka ihlambuluke ngokucokisekileyo;

5) Ukunciphisa isantya se-extrusion kunye nesigaba sokuzalisa;

6) Gcina iindawo zezixhobo kunye neengots zicocekile, zigudileyo kwaye zomile ukunciphisa i-lubrication ye-extrusion pad kunye nesikhunta;

7) Ukusebenza okungqongqo, ukusika okuchanekileyo kwezinto eziseleyo kunye nokukhupha okupheleleyo;

I-8) Indlela yokufudumeza i-ingot gradient isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukushisa kwentloko ye-ingot ephezulu kunye nomsila ophantsi. Xa ugcwalisa, intloko iguqula kuqala, kwaye igesi kwi-cylinder ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngcembe nge-gap phakathi kwepadi kunye nodonga lwe-cylinder extrusion;

9)Khangela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo rhoqo ukukhusela ukushisa okugqithisileyo kunye nesantya esiphezulu;

10) Yila ngokufanelekileyo kwaye wenze izixhobo kunye nokubumba, kwaye uyile imingxunya yesikhokelo kunye nemingxuma yokuguqula kunye ne-slope yangaphakathi ye-1 ° ukuya kwi-3 °.

3. Iintanda zokukhupha

Unobangela:

Ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka kuhambelana noxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba kwesinyithi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion. Ukuthatha iintanda zamaxesha ngamaxesha njengomzekelo, imiqobo yesimo sokungunda kunye nesiphumo sokukhuhlana koqhagamshelwano kuthintela ukuhamba komphezulu ongenanto. Isantya sokuhamba kumbindi wemveliso sikhulu kunesantya sokuhamba kwentsimbi yangaphandle, ukuze intsimbi yangaphandle ixhomekeke kuxinzelelo olongezelelweyo, kwaye iziko lixhomekeke kuxinzelelo olongezelelweyo loxinzelelo. Isizukulwana soxinzelelo olongezelelweyo sitshintsha imeko yoxinzelelo olusisiseko kwindawo ye-deformation, ebangela uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwe-axial yomgangatho ongaphezulu (i-superposition yoxinzelelo olusisiseko kunye noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo) lunokuba luxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Xa olu xinzelelo lwe-tensile lufikelela kumda wokomelela wokwenyani wentsimbi, iintanda ezandayo zangaphakathi ziya kubonakala kumphezulu, imilo yayo inxulumene nesantya sesinyithi ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuguqula.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Qinisekisa ukuba ukubunjwa kwe-alloy kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo, ukuphucula umgangatho we-ingot, ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwi-ingot eya kubangela ukuhla kweplastiki, kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-sodium kwi-alloys ephezulu ye-magnesium.

2) Ukuphumeza ngokungqongqo ukufudumeza okuhlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha ze-extrusion, kwaye ulawule ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa kwe-extrusion kunye nesantya ngokwezinto kunye neempawu zemveliso.

I-3) Phucula i-mold design, ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa ubude bebhanti yokulinganisa i-mold kwaye ukwandise ngokufanelekileyo i-radius ye-fillet yeekona ze-cross-section. Ngokukodwa, uyilo lwebhulorho yokubumba, igumbi lesitishi se-soldering, kunye nommandla wekona kufuneka ube nengqiqo.

4) Ukuphucula umphumo we-homogenization we-ingot kunye nokuphucula iplastiki kunye nokufana kwe-alloy.

5) Xa iimeko zivuma, sebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-lubrication extrusion, i-cone die extrusion okanye i-reverse extrusion ukunciphisa i-deformation engalinganiyo.

6) Hlola rhoqo izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo.

4. I-Orange peel

Unobangela:

Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba isakhiwo sangaphakathi semveliso sineenkozo ezinqabileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona iinkozo zirhabaxa, kokukhona zicaca ngakumbi. Ngokukodwa xa ubude bukhulu, olu hlobo lwesiphene samaxolo e-orenji kunokwenzeka ukuba lwenzeke.

Iindlela zokuthintela:

Ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweziphene ze-orange peel, eyona nto iphambili kukukhetha ubushushu obufanelekileyo be-extrusion kunye nesantya se-extrusion kunye nokulawula ubude. Ukuphucula isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-ingot kwaye uthintele iinkozo ezinqabileyo.

5. Amabala amnyama

Unobangela:

Esona sizathu sesokuba izinga lokupholisa kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwendawo eshinyeneyo enodonga lweprofayile kunye nobushushu obungangenwa bubushushu (okanye umcu wegraphite) lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ugxininiso lwesisombululo esiluqilima luncinci kakhulu kunezinye iindawo. Ngoko ke, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sihluke kwaye ukubonakala kubonisa umbala omnyama.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

Eyona ndlela iphambili kukuqinisa ukupholisa kwetafile yokukhupha kwaye ungayeki kwindawo enye xa ufikelela kwitafile yokutyibilika kunye nebhedi yokupholisa, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso zidibanise nobushushu obunganyangekiyo obuvakalelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula iimeko zokupholisa ezingalingani.

6. Imivimbo yezicubu

Unobangela:

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esingalinganiyo kunye nokubunjwa kwamacandelo akhutshiweyo, imigca efana nebhanti kwi-extrusion direction direction ibonakala kwiimveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala kwiindawo apho ubukhulu bodonga buguquka. Oku kunokumiselwa ngokubola okanye i-anodizing. Xa utshintsha amaqondo obushushu e-corrosion, i-banding ngamanye amaxesha inokunyamalala okanye itshintshe ububanzi kunye nokumila. Isizathu sibangelwa ukungalingani kwe-macroscopic okanye i-microstructure ye-ingot, i-homogenization eyaneleyo ye-ingot okanye inkqubo yokufudumeza engalunganga yokulungiswa kwemveliso ekhutshweyo.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

I-1) I-ingot kufuneka icocwe ukuze igweme ukusebenzisa i-ingots e-coarse grained.

2) Phucula isikhunta, khetha ubume obufanelekileyo bombhobho wesikhokelo, kwaye unqumle umqolo wesikhokelo okanye ibhanti lokulinganisa lokungunda.

7. Umgca we-welding we-longitudinal

Unobangela:

Ikakhulu ibangelwa ngumahluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwecandelo elidityanisiweyo lokuhamba kwesinyithi kunye nezinye iindawo zentsimbi kwi-extrusion die. Okanye kunokubangelwa ukungonelanga kwe-aluminium kwi-welding cavity ngexesha lokukhupha.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Phucula uyilo lwesakhiwo sebhulorho kunye ne-welding cavity ye-mold edibeneyo edibeneyo. Okufana nokuhlengahlengisa umlinganiselo wokwahlula-umlinganiselo wendawo yomngxuma wokucandwa kwindawo yemveliso ekhutshiweyo, kunye nobunzulu bomgodi wokuwelda.

I-2) Ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo othile we-extrusion, nikela ingqalelo kwibhalansi phakathi kokushisa kwe-extrusion kunye nesantya se-extrusion.

I-3) Musa ukusebenzisa amakhonkco okuphosa kunye namabala e-oyile phezu komhlaba ukuze ugweme ukuxuba i-lubricant kunye nezinto zangaphandle kwi-welding joint.

4) Musa ukusebenzisa ioli kwi-cylinder extrusion kunye ne-extrusion pad kwaye uzigcine zicocekile.

5) Ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubude bezinto eziseleyo.

8. Imigca ye-welding ethe tye okanye amanqaku okuyeka

Unobangela:

Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba ngexesha lokukhutshwa okuqhubekayo, isinyithi kwi-mold sidityaniswe kakubi kwintsimbi yangaphambili ye-billet esanda kufakwa.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

I-1) Ulola i-blade yesikere esisetyenziselwa ukusika izinto eziseleyo kwaye zilungelelanise.

I-2) Coca indawo yokugqibela ye-billet ukukhusela ioli yokuthambisa kunye nomcimbi wangaphandle ekuxubeni.

3) Ukwandisa ukushisa kwe-extrusion ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulinganayo.

4) Yila ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukhethe izixhobo zokubumba, izinto zokubumba, ukulungelelanisa ubungakanani, amandla kunye nobunzima.

9. Imikrwelo, imikrwelo

Unobangela:

Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba xa iimveliso zihanjiswa ngokuthe tye ukusuka kwitheyibhile yesilayidi ukuya kwitheyibhile yokubona imveliso egqityiweyo, izinto ezinzima ziphuma kwibhedi yokupholisa kwaye zikrwele iimveliso. Ezinye zazo zenzeka ngexesha lokulayisha kunye nokuthutha.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

I-1) Ibhanti yokulinganisa i-mold kufuneka igudiswe kwaye icoceke, kwaye isixhobo esingenanto sokubumba kufuneka sihambe kakuhle.

2) Hlola ngokucophelela xa ufaka iimbumba ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa iimbumba ezinamaqhekeza amancinci. Naka ingqalelo kwiradiyasi yefillet xa uyila isikhunta.

3) Khangela kwaye upholise ibhanti lomsebenzi wokubumba ngokukhawuleza. Ubulukhuni bokubumba kufuneka bufane.

4) Khangela rhoqo ibhedi yokupholisa kunye netafile yokugcina imveliso egqityiweyo. Kufuneka zibe mpuluswa ukuze kuthintelwe iiprotrusions eziqinileyo ekukrweleni iimveliso. Indlela yesikhokelo inokuthanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

5) Xa ulayisha, ii-spacers ezithambileyo kunomkhiqizo ogqityiweyo kufuneka zibekwe, kwaye ukuthutha kunye nokuphakamisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo nangokucokisekileyo.

10. Ukucofa isinyithi

Unobangela:

Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba i-alumina slag eveliswa kwindawo engenanto yomese yesikhunta ibambelela kwimveliso ekhutshiweyo kwaye igeleza kwitafile yokukhupha okanye i-slide ngaphandle kwetafile kwaye icinezelwe kumphezulu wezinto ezikhutshiweyo ngama-roller. Ngexesha le-anodization, akukho filimu ye-oxide okanye i-indentations okanye imigodi eyenziwa apho isinyithi sicinezelwe.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Lungisa ibhanti lokulinganisa kwaye unciphise ubude bebhanti yokulinganisa.

2) Lungisa imela engenanto yebhanti yokulinganisa.

3) Guqula i-layout yemingxuma yokufa kwaye uzame ukunqanda ukubeka umgangatho othe tyaba wemveliso ngaphantsi kunye nokudibanisa neerola ukukhusela i-alumina slag ukuba icinezelwe.

4) Coca indawo kunye neziphelo ze-ingot kwaye ugweme i-shavings yensimbi kwioli yokuthambisa.

11. Ezinye iziphene ezingaphezulu

Unobangela:

I-1) Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyibilika kunye nokuphosa, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali akulingani, kunye ne-metallic inclusions, i-pores, kunye ne-non-metallic inclusions, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sefilimu ye-oxide okanye isinyithi ayilingani.

I-2) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, ukushisa kunye nokuguqulwa akulingani, isantya sokukhupha sihamba ngokukhawuleza, ukupholisa akulingani, kwaye isakhiwo asifani ngokudibanisa negraphite kunye neoli.

I-3) Uyilo lokubumba alunangqiqo kwaye utshintsho phakathi kweembombo ezibukhali zobumba alukho kakuhle. Imela engenanto incinci kakhulu kwaye ikrwela isinyithi, ukungunda akulungiswanga kakuhle, ineentsimbi kwaye ayigudi, kwaye unyango lwe-nitriding alulunganga. Ubunzima bomphezulu abulingani kwaye ibhanti yokusebenza ayigudi.

4) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga umphezulu, ukuxinwa kwamanzi okuhlamba, ubushushu, kunye nokuxinana kwangoku akunangqiqo, kunye ne-acid corrosion okanye inkqubo yonyango ye-alkali ayifanelekanga.

Indlela yokuphelisa:

1) Lawula ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, ulungise inkqubo yokuphosa, uqinise ukuhlanjululwa, ukulungiswa kunye ne-homogenization.

2) Inkqubo ye-ingot homogenization idinga ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza.

3) Ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa kwe-extrusion kunye nesantya sokuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okufanayo kunye nokusebenzisa ubude be-ingot obufanelekileyo.

4) Ukuphucula ukuyila kunye neendlela zokuvelisa i-mold, ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhanti yokusebenza kwe-mold, kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomhlaba.

5) Lungiselela inkqubo ye-nitriding.

6) Lawula ngokungqongqo inkqubo yonyango yomphezulu ukukhusela umonakalo wesibini okanye ukungcoliswa komhlaba ngexesha lokubola kwe-asidi okanye i-alkali corrosion.

Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium