Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphendulwa kwezinto ezikhutshwe njengezixhobo ezikhutshelweyo, ngakumbi iiprofayili zeAluminium, "isiphene" esihlala sihlala sisenzeka kumphezulu. Iimpawu ezithile zibandakanya amathumba amancinci amaninzi kunye noxinaniso olwahluka-hlukeneyo, kunye nezandla ezibonakalayo, kunye nemvakalelo ye-spiky. Emva kwe-oxidation okanye i-electrophoretic yonyango, bahlala bebonakala ngathi babambe iigranti ezinamathele kumphezulu wemveliso.
Kwimveliso yokukhutshwa kweeprofayili ezinkulu, esi siphene sinokwenzeka ukuba senzeke ngenxa yempembelelo yesakhiwo se-Ingot, iqondo lokuphuma, isantya sobumba, njl njl. INGXELO YENKCAZO YOKUGQIBELA imveliso.
Kwimo yesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kunye neemveliso zefestile, abathengi ngokubanzi basamkela iziphene ezincinci, kodwa kwiiprofayili zemizi-mveliso efuna ukugxininiswa ngokulinganayo kwiipropathi zoomatshini, ukugxininiswa kokuhloniphayo okanye ukugxininiswa kokuhloniphayo okanye ukugxininisa ngakumbi kwisiphene, ngakumbi sigcwele iziphene engahambelani nombala ongemva.
Ukuze uhlalutye indlela yokuseta amasuntswana anzima, i-morphology kunye nokuqulunqwa kweendawo ezineziphene phantsi kweeratshi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokuphuma zihlalutywa, kwaye umanyano lwalulungiswa. Isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana anzima axhonywe phambili, kwaye uvavanyo lolingo lwenziwa.
Ukusombulula isiphene semigca yeeprofayili, kuyimfuneko ukuqondakala indlela yokuseta esiphelweni. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphuma, i-aluminium inamathela kwibhanti yokusebenza ye-DEE yeyona nto iphambili yokuphanga iziphene kumphezulu wezixhobo zealuminiyam ezikhutshiweyo. Kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuphuma kwe-aluminium yenziwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lama-450 ° C. Ukuba iziphumo zobushushu obushushu kunye nobushushu obuxineneyo zongezwa, ubushushu besinyithi buya kuba phezulu xa kuhamba ngaphandle komngxunya wokufa. Xa imveliso iphuma ngaphandle komngxunya wokufa, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, kukho into ethambileyo ye-aluminium enamathela phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nebhanti esebenzayo ye-GOLL.
Indlela yokuxhuzula ihlala ithi: Inkqubo ephindaphindiweyo yokuqhushumba - iqhushumbo-iqhushumbo-iqhubela phambili, kwaye imveliso ihamba phambili, ikhokelela kwimingxunya emininzi emincinci.
Le phenyane ihambelana nezinto ezifana nomgangatho we-ingot, imeko yomphezulu webhanti yokusebenza ye-EXT, iqondo lokuphuma, isantya sengcaciso, kunye nokuxhaphaza kwentsimbi.
I-1 yezixhobo zovavanyo kunye neendlela
Ngophando lokuqala, safunda ukuba izinto ezinje ngobunyulu be-metrity, imeko yokubumba, inkqubo yokupheliswa, izithako, kunye neemeko zemveliso zinokuchaphazela amasuntswana amdaka. Kuvavanyo, iintonga ezimbini ze-Alloty, i-6005A kunye ne-6060, zazisetyenziselwa ukukhupha icandelo elinye. I-morphology kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezikhundla ze-rougo ezizimeleyo zahlalutywa ngokufunda ngokuthe ngqo i-spectrometer kunye neendlela zokuchonga ze-SEM, kwaye zithelekiswa ne-matrix eqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo.
Ukwenzela ukwahlula ngokucacileyo i-morphology yeziphene ezimbini ezigxunyeneyo kwaye amasuntswana, achazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
. Isiphene siqala kwi-scratch stripe kwaye siphephe ngesiphene sokuwa, siqokelele kwiimbotyi zentsimbi ekupheleni komgca wokukrakra. Ubungakanani befilitshala egcweleyo yi-1-5mm, kwaye iguqula imnyama emnyama emva konyango lwe-oxidation, ekubonakala ekugqibeleni ibonakaliso yeprofayili, njengoko kubonisiwe kwisangqa esibomvu kumzobo 1.
. Umphezulu weprofayile ye-Aluminium Alloy iqhotyoshelwe kunye namasuntswana amnyama engwevu-emnyama kwaye unesakhiwo esikhululekileyo. Zimbini iintlobo zeeprofayili ze-aluminium ze-aluminium: ezo zinokususwa kwaye ezo zinto azinakususwa. Ubungakanani bungaphantsi kwe-0.5mm, kwaye kuziva rhabaxa ekuchukumiseni. Akukho krakra kwicandelo elingaphezulu. Emva kwe-oxidation, ayifani kakhulu kwi-matrix, njengoko kubonisiwe kwisangqa se-1.
Iziphumo zovavanyo ezi-2 kunye nohlalutyo
2.1 Umphezulu wokutsala iziphene
Umzobo 2 ubonakalisa i-mirpholor morphology yesiphene esinengxaki kumphezulu we-6005a alloy. Kukho inyathelo elifana nenqanaba elingaphambili lokutsala, kwaye bayaphela ngeempesi ezibekiweyo. Emva kokuvela amaduli, umphezulu ubuyela kwisiqhelo. Indawo yokuphelisa isiphene esihlekisayo ayigudileyo ukuba ichukumisi, inento ebukhali iva, kwaye inamathela okanye iqokelele kumphezulu weprofayili. Ngovavanyo lwangaphandle, lwaqwalaselwa ukuba i-pulphology ye-6005A kunye ne-6060 yeeprofayili ziyafana, kwaye umsila wemveliso ungaphezulu kwesiphelo sentloko; Umahluko kukuba ubungakanani bokutsala bonke abangama-6005A buncinci kwaye ubunzulu bobukhali buthathaka. Oku kunokuhambelana notshintsho kubume be-Alloty, iRod State State, kunye nemeko yokumba. Iqwalaselwe phantsi kwe-100x, kukho amanqaku aqaqambileyo kwindawo engaphambili yendawo yokutsala, ekwahlukileyo ecaleni kwendlela yokuphuma, kwaye imilo yamasuntswana okugqibela ayiqhelekanga. Nge-500x, isiphelo sangaphambili somphezulu otyumzayo sine-scratches kunye nendlela yokuphuma (ubungakanani besi siphene), kwaye kukho amanqaku abonakalayo kwi-DUSTER KWI-DURDES KWI-DURDESS.
Ukuze uhlalutye unobangela wokutsala, ukufundwa ngokuthe ngqo i-spectrometer kunye ne-EDX kwakusetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlalutyo lwecandelo kwiziko elinesiphene kunye nematrix yezinto ezintathu zobalo. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa iziphumo zovavanyo zeprofayile ye-6005. Iziphumo ze-EDX zibonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesikhundla sokufaka amasuntswana okudonsa ngokusisiseko kuyafana ne-matrix. Ukongeza, amasuntswana amnandi okungcola aqokelelwe kwaye ajikeleze isiphene sokudonsa, kwaye amasuntswana amdaka aqukethe c, o (okanye i-CL), okanye fe, no-S.
Uhlalutyo lweziphene ezinesiphene ze-6005A i-oxididar i-oxidrimed ibonisa ukuba amasuntswana atyumkileyo abukhulu (1-5mm), umphezulu obekwe kakhulu, kwaye kukho inyathelo elifana nenqanaba elingaphezulu; Ukuqulunqwa kufuphi ne-Al Matrix, kwaye kuya kubakho izigaba ezinamaphiko aqukethe u-fe, i-C, kunye osasazekileyo. Ibonisa ukuba indlela yokutsala indlela yokutsalwa kwezinto ezintathu izabelo ziyafana.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphuma, ukuhamba kwentsimbi kuya kubangela ukuba i-bhanti yokusebenza esebenzayo ye-GOLD ukuya kunyuka, yenze umaleko "onamathele i-aluminium" kumda wokucheba umsebenzi wokungena. Kwangelo xesha, ngaphezulu kwe-SI kunye nezinye izinto ezinje nge-MN kunye ne-CR kwi-Aluminium Alloy kulula ukwenza iZisombululo eziqinileyo ze-FE, eziya kukhuthaza ukumiswa kwendawo yokusebenza ye-fes.
Njengoko isinyithi sihamba phambili kwaye irubs ngokuchasene nebhanti yomsebenzi, i-phenomen ephindaphindwayo yokuqhubela phambili i-bile-pile ivela kwindawo ethile, ebangela ukuba isinyithi siqhubeke ngokuqhubekeka esi sikhundla. Xa amasuntswana anyukayo kubungakanani obuthile, iya kutsalwa yimveliso yokuhamba kunye nefom yokukhangela amanqaku kumgangatho wesinyithi. Iya kuhlala ikumphezulu wensimbi kwaye ifomu itsalela amasuntswana ekupheleni kwesikrelem. Kungoko, inokuqwalaselwa ukuba ukumiliselwa kwamasuntswana aqengqelelwe ikakhulu kwi-aluminium elinamathela kwibhanti yokusebenza ye-mold. Izigaba ezimbi ezikhoyo zisasazwe zinokuvela kwioyile yeoyile, ii-oxide okanye iisuntswana nothuli, kunye nokungcola eziziswe ngumhlaba oqingqiweyo we-Iyot.
Nangona kunjalo, inani leepull kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-6005i luncinci kwaye isidanga sikhaphukhaphu. Kwelinye icala, kungenxa yokufumana i-curferve ekuphumeni kwebhanti yokusebenza ye-GOLD kunye ne-Pholeling yebhanti yokusebenza ukuze kunciphise ubungqingqwa be-aluminium; Kwelinye icala, inxulumene nomxholo we-SIN.
Ngokwesiphumo sokufunda ngokuthe ngqo kweziphumo, kunokubonwa ukuba ukongeza kwi-Sidibaniselwano edityanisiweyo nge-MG MG2SI, i-i e-i-i-i-i-i-i ivele ngohlobo lwento elula.
2.2 amasuntswana amancinci kumphezulu
Ngaphantsi kovavanyo olubonakalayo olusezantsi, amasuntswana ancinane (≤0.5mm), akagungqi ukuba achukumise, anemvakalelo ebukhali, kwaye athobele umphezulu weprofayili. Iqwalaselwe phantsi kwe-100x, amasuntswana amancinci kumphezulu asasazwe ngokungacwangciswanga, kwaye kukho amasuntswana amancinci aqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu nokuba kukho isikhuhla okanye hayi;
Nge-500x, nokuba akukho nto icacileyo yenyathelo-njengokukhubaza kwenyathelo ecaleni kwendlela yokuphendulwa, amasuntswana amaninzi asaqhinjelwe, kwaye i-fastracle isaranda iyahluka. Ubungakanani obukhulu bunokuba yi-15 μm, kwaye amasuntswana amancinci amalunga ne-5 μm.
Ngohlalutyo lohlalutyo lwamasubwe angama-6060 owenziweyo kunye ne-matrix ephezulu, amasuntswana athatyathwe ikakhulu i-O, C, i-F, kunye nezinto ezinomxholo we-aluminium ziphantsi kakhulu. Phantse onke amasuntswana aqukethe i-O kunye ne-C. Ukuqulunqwa kwenxalenye nganye kwahlukile kancinane. Phakathi kwabo, amasuntswana asondelelene kwi-10 μm, ephakamile kakhulu kune-matrix si, mg, kunye o; Ekwendle,, o, kwaye i-cl ngokucacileyo iphakame; Amasuntswana D kwaye u-f aquleke phezulu, o, nange-NA; amasuntswana equlethwe, fe, ne-o; I-HALS iqulathe imichiza. Iziphumo zamasuntswana angama-60 awina -60 ziyafana nale nto, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-SI ne-SI kunye ne-FO kunye ne-SI ehambelana ne-SI kunye ne-FE kunye namasuntswana aphezulu aphantsi; Umxholo we-C ngama-6060 amasuntsu aphantsi.
Amasuntswana asemgangathweni anokungabi ngamasuntswana amancinci, kodwa inokubakho ngendlela yokudityaniswa kwamasuntswana amancinci amancinci anemilo eyahlukeneyo, kwaye iipesenti ezininzi zezinto ezahlukeneyo zahluka. Kukholelwa ukuba amasuntswana athatyathwe ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini. Inye ichaza i-Alfesi kunye ne-Emedwal Si, esuka kwizigaba eziphezulu zokunyibilika zenyibilikisi ezifana nokufana3 okanye i-alfesi (okanye i-MN) kwi-Ingot, okanye i-MN) kwi-Ingot, okanye i-Mn) kwi-Ingoto yenkqubo. Omnye umbandela welinye ilizwe.
2.3 Iziphumo zobuqhetseba kwe-ingot
Ngexesha lovavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umphezulu ongasemva we-6005A uphosa i-rod lati yayinzima kwaye inothuli. Kwakukho iintonga ezimbini eziphosakeleyo ezinenqaku elinzulu yezixhobo kwiindawo zendawo, ezihambelana nonyuso olubalulekileyo kwinani lokutsala emva kokutsala, kwaye kubonakalisiwe kumzobo 7.
I-6005A ikhupha i-rod ayinayo i-lathe, ke ukuntywila kuphantsi kwaye inani lokutsala lincitshisiwe. Ukongeza, kuba akukho kufakekileyo ukusika amanzi amaninzi eqhotyoshelwe amathumba entonga yentonga ephosayo, imixholo ye-C kwi-CARDS ehambelanayo incitshisiwe. Kuyaqondakaliswa ukuba iimpawu eziguquliweyo kumphezulu wentonga yentonga yokuphosa iya kubangela ukutsala kunye nokuqulunqwa kwenqanaba elithile.
Iingxoxo ezi-3
(1) Amacandelo okutsala iziphene ngokusisiseko afanayo nezo zeMatrix. Ngamasuntswana angaphandle, ulusu oludala kumphezulu we-Iyot kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo eziqokelelwe eludongeni lwe-rusl barrel okanye kwindawo efileyo ye-onld ngexesha lokusebenza kwentsimbi ibhanti. Njengoko imveliso ihamba phambili, ukukrazula komphezulu kubangelwa, kwaye xa imveliso iqokelela kubungakanani obuthile, ikhutshiwe yimveliso ukwenza ukutsala. Emva kwe-oxidation, ukutsala kwatywinwa, kwaye ngenxa yesayizi yayo enkulu, kukho umngxunya njengamafutha anjengesiphene.
. Ubume babo buyahluke ngokupheleleyo kwe-matrix, kwaye ikakhulu iqulethe o, c, fe, kunye nezinto ze-S. Amanye amasuntswana alawulwa yi-O kunye ne-C, kwaye amanye amasuntswana alawulwa ngu-O, C, Fe, kwaye uSi. Ke ngoko, isuswe ukuba amasuntswana aphezulu avela kwimithombo emibini: enye ichaze iAlfesi kunye ne-Emedwaal Si, kunye nokudumba okunje nge-o kwaye c kulandelwa umphezulu; Omnye umbandela welinye ilizwe. Amasuntswana aphelelwe lixesha emva kwe-oxidation. Ngenxa yobungakanani babo obuncinci, abanayo okanye ifuthe elincinci kumphezulu.
. Amacandelo aphambili kwioyile yokuthambisa yi-C, O, H, S, njl njl, kunye neyona nto iphambili yothuli kunye nomhlaba yiSio2. Umxholo wamasuntswana aphezulu uhlala uphakamileyo. Kuba amasuntswana asebuvilini akwisimo seqondo eliphezulu emva kokuba eshiya ibhanti esebenzayo, kwaye ngenxa yendawo enkulu engaphezulu yendawo yamasuntswana, afumana i-omom emoyeni kwaye ebangele i-oxidation of A umxholo kune-matrix.
. Inqaku le-fes livela ku-FE kwi-Aluminium Ingots, eyenza isigaba sokuthintela ilokhwe enjenge-felt3 okanye i-alfesi (i-alfesi (i-MN), engaguqukiyo; I-Sis ikhona kwi-Aluminium Matrix kwifom ye-MG2SI okanye isisombululo esiqingqiweyo se-SI ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yenkxwaleko ye-proced, ngaphezu kwe-iS e-Iyo inokuphanda. I-solity ye-siminium yi-0.48% nge-450 ° C kunye ne-0.8% (WT%) nge-500 ° C. Umxholo we-SIN kwi-SIN kwi-6005 imalunga ne-0.41%, kwaye i-SICRAPITE e-SI inokuba luhlathi kunye novavanyo olubangelwe kukubetheka phambili.
. Ukufelwa kwafa liqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nendawo ekugxilwe kuyo uxinzelelo. Ukuhamba kwensimbi yokuhamba kwensimbi kuya kwandisa ubushushu bebhanti yokusebenza ye-bhanti, yenza umaleko "onamathele i-aluminium" kumda wokucheba umsebenzi wokungena.
Kwangelo xesha, ngaphezulu kwe-SI kunye nezinye izinto ezinje nge-MN kunye ne-CR kwi-Aluminium Alloy kulula ukwenza iZisombululo eziqinileyo ze-FE, eziya kukhuthaza ukumiswa kwendawo yokusebenza ye-fes. Isinyithi siqukuqela "umaleko onamathele i-aluminium" ye-faction yangaphakathi (isherakhi ye-shear ngaphakathi kwentsimbi). Iifestile zensimbi kwaye zilukhuni ngenxa yengqumbo yangaphakathi, ekhuthaza intsimbi engaphantsi kunye ne-mold ukuba inamathele kunye. Kwangelo xesha, ibhanti yokusebenza ye-mold inyibilikisiwe kubume bexilongo ngenxa yoxinzelelo, kunye ne-aluminium enamathelayo eyenziwe yinxalenye yebhanti yokusebenza ifana neprofayili yesixhobo.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-aluminium enamathele yinkqubo eguqukayo yokukhula kunye nokuphalazwa. Amasuntswana ahlala ekhutshwa yiprofayili.ade kumphezulu weprofayili, eyenza ingozi yokutsala. Ukuba ihamba ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kwebhanti yomsebenzi kwaye ikhutshelwe kwangoko kumphezulu weprofayili, amasuntswana amancinci anamathele emzimbeni abizwa ngokuba "amasuntswana athi" Ukuba amasuntswana athile aya kwaphulwa yi-Aluminum eyadlulayo, amasuntswana aya kunamathela kumphezulu webhanti yomsebenzi xa edlula kwibhanti yomsebenzi, ebangela ukoyikisa iprofayili. Isiphelo somsila yi-Aluminium ye-aluminium. Xa kukho i-aluminium eninzi enamathele embindini webhanti yomsebenzi (ibhondi yomelele), iya kwandisa ukukrala komgangatho.
(6) Isantya sokuphendulwa sinempembelelo enkulu ekutsaleni. Impembelelo yesantya sokuphendulwa. Ngokuphathelele kwi-15005 alloy echaphazelekayo, isantya esiphezulu sonyuswa kuluhlu lovavanyo, iqondo lokuphuma le-Outlet liyanda, kwaye inani lemigangatho yokutsala amasuntsu enyuka kwaye inzima njengoko imitya yoomatshini iyanda. Isantya sokuphendulwa kufuneka sigcinwe njengezinzileyo kangangoko sinako ukunqanda utshintsho ngequbuliso ngesantya. Isantya esigqithisileyo sesantya kunye nobushushu obuphezulu buya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwengqumbo kunye nefreyimu enzulu yokutsala. Indlela ethile yefuthe lokwantya kwesantya sokukhuphela kwi-phenomenon ifuna ukulandela kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
. Umphezulu wentonga ephosakeleyo irhabaxa, kunye nokugqubuka, amabala e-oyile, uthuli, ukhuphelo, njl njl.
4 ISIQINISEKISO
(1) Ukuqulunqwa kweziphene zokutsala kuyahambelana ne-matrix; Ukuqulunqwa kwesahlulo se-suricle kucacile ukuba i-matrix, ubukhulu becala iqulethe o, C, Fe, NOS, NOS.
. Naziphi na izinto ezikhuthaza i-Aluminium ezinamathela kwibhanti yokusebenza ye-GOLD iya kubangela ingozi yokutsala iziphene. Kwindawo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wentonga yentonga ephosayo, isizukulwana sotywala amasuntsu angenampembelelo ngqo kulwakhiwo.
(3) Unyango olufanelekileyo lomlilo olufanelekileyo luyingenelo ukunciphisa ukutsalwa komhlaba.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: USep-10 ukuya ku-4024
