Indima yonyango lwe-aluminium yokushisa kukuphucula iimpawu zemishini yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukucwangciswa kweentsimbi. Ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu, iinkqubo zingahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: unyango lwangaphambili kunye nonyango lokugqibela lokushisa.
Injongo yonyango lwangaphambili kukuphucula ukusebenza kokucubungula, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokulungiselela isakhiwo esihle se-metallographic ukwenzela unyango lokugqibela lokushisa. Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu lwayo ibandakanya ukuthambisa, ukuthambisa, ukuguga, ukucima kunye nokuthoba njalo njalo.
1) Ukucoca kunye nokuqhelekileyo
I-Anealing kunye ne-normalizing isetyenziselwa izinto ezingenanto ze-aluminiyam ezishushu. Intsimbi ye-Carbon kunye ne-alloy yensimbi enomxholo wekhabhoni ngaphezu kwe-0.5% ihlala i-annealed ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubunzima babo kunye nokulula ukusika; i-carbon steel kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni engaphantsi kwe-0.5% isetyenziselwa ukuphepha ukunamathela kwimela xa ubunzima buphantsi kakhulu. Kwaye sebenzisa unyango oluqhelekileyo. I-Anealing kunye ne-normalizing isenokucokisa ingqolowa kunye nesakhiwo esifanayo, kwaye silungiselele unyango olulandelayo lobushushu. I-Anealing kunye ne-normalizing zidla ngokucwangciswa emva kokuba i-blank yenziwe kwaye phambi komatshini olukhuni.
2) Unyango lokuguga
Unyango lokuguga lusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olwenziwe kwimveliso engenanto kunye nomatshini.
Ukuze ugweme umthwalo womsebenzi wokuthutha ngokugqithiseleyo, kwiinxalenye ezichanekileyo ngokubanzi, kwanele ukulungiselela unyango olulodwa lokuguga ngaphambi kokugqiba. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, ezifana nebhokisi yomshini we-jig boring, njl., ezimbini okanye ezininzi iinkqubo zonyango zokuguga kufuneka zilungiswe. Amalungu alula ngokuqhelekileyo awafuni nyango lokuguga.
Ukongeza kwi-castings, kwezinye iindawo ezichanekileyo ezinobunzima obungaguqukiyo, njenge-screw echanekileyo, ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa ngexesha lokucutshungulwa kunye nokuzinzisa ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kwamalungu, unyango oluninzi lokuguga luhlala lucwangciswa phakathi kwe-machining rough kunye ne-semi-finishing. Kwezinye iindawo ze-shaft, unyango oluguga lufanele lulungiswe emva kwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa.
3) Ukucima kunye nokufudumala
Ukucima kunye nokuthoba kubhekisa kubushushu obuphezulu bobushushu emva kokucima. Iyakwazi ukufumana i-uniform kunye ne-tered sorbite isakhiwo, esiyilungiselelo lokunciphisa i-deformation ngexesha lokucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lwe-nitriding. Ke ngoko, ukucima kunye nokuthambisa kungasetyenziswa njengonyango lwangaphambi kobushushu.
Ngenxa yeepropathi ezingcono ezibanzi zoomatshini zokucima kunye nobushushu, inokusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugqibela yonyango lobushushu kwezinye iindawo ezingadingi ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Injongo yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu kukuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini ezifana nobunzima, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye namandla. Inkqubo yayo yonyango lobushushu ibandakanya ukucima, ukucima i-carburizing kunye nokucima, kunye nonyango lwe-nitriding.
1) Ukucima
Ukucima kwahlulwe kukucima umphezulu kunye nokucima ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, ukucinywa komphezulu kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa ye-deformation yayo encinci, i-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization, kunye nokucinywa komphezulu kunezibonelelo zamandla aphezulu angaphandle kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ngelixa kugcinwa ukuqina okuhle kwangaphakathi kunye nokuchasana okunamandla. Ukuze kuphuculwe iipropathi zomatshini weendawo zokucima ubushushu, unyango lobushushu olunjengokucima kunye nobushushu okanye ubushushu buhlala bufuneka njengonyango lwangaphambili lobushushu. Indlela yayo yenkqubo jikelele yile: ukuvala izinto, ukubumba, ukwenza into eqhelekileyo, ukubambisa, ukucocwa, ukucima nokutshisa, ukugqiba, ukucima umphezulu, ukugqiba.
2) Ukungcwatywa kunye nokucima
I-Carburizing kunye nokucima kukunyusa umxholo wekhabhoni womgangatho ophezulu wenxalenye yokuqala, kwaye emva kokucima, umgangatho womhlaba ufumana ubunzima obuphezulu, ngelixa inxalenye engundoqo isagcina amandla athile kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kunye neplastiki. I-Carburizing yahlulwe ibe yi-carburizing iyonke kunye ne-partial carburizing. Xa i-carburizing inxenye yenziwa, amanyathelo achasene ne-seepage kufuneka athathwe kwiindawo ezingezona i-carburizing. Kuba i-carburizing kunye nokucima kubangele inguqu enkulu, kunye nobunzulu be-carburizing ngokubanzi buphakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-2 mm, inkqubo yokungcwatywa kwe-carburizing icwangciswa ngokubanzi phakathi kokugqiba isiqingatha kunye nokugqiba.
Indlela yenkqubo iqhelekile: kukungacwangiswa, ukubunjwa, ukuqheleka, ukwenziwa komatshini orhabaxa, ukugqiba, ukungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa, ukugqiba. Xa inxalenye ye-carburized ye-carburizing kunye nokucima inxalenye ithatha isicwangciso senkqubo yokususa umaleko we-carburized ogqithisileyo emva kokwandisa umda, inkqubo yokususa i-carburized layer ifanele ilungiswe emva kokucima kunye nokucima, ngaphambi kokucima.
3) Unyango lwe-Nitriding
I-Nitriding yinkqubo yokungena kwi-athomu ye-nitrogen kwindawo yesinyithi ukufumana umaleko we-nitrogen-containing compounds. Umaleko we-nitriding unokuphucula ubulukhuni, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokubola komphezulu wenxalenye. Ekubeni iqondo lokushisa lonyango lwe-nitriding liphantsi, i-deformation incinci, kwaye i-nitriding layer incinci, ngokubanzi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-0.6 ~ 0.7mm, inkqubo ye-nitriding kufuneka ihlelwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-deformation ngexesha le-nitriding, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha ubushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kuMAT Alumin
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-04-2023
