1. Intshayelelo
Umngundo sisixhobo esiphambili kwiprofayili ye-aluminium extrusion. Ngexesha leprofayili ye-extrusion, isikhunta kufuneka simelane nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokukhuhlana okuphezulu. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, kuya kubangela ukubola kwesikhunta, ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, kunye nomonakalo wokukhathala. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukuphuka komngundo.
2. Iifom zokungaphumeleli kunye nezizathu zokubumba
2.1 Ukusilela kokunxiba
Ukunxiba yindlela ephambili ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwe-extrusion die, okuya kubangela ukuba ubungakanani beeprofayili ze-aluminium bube ngaphandle komyalelo kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wehla. Ngethuba lokukhupha, iiprofayili ze-aluminium zidibana nenxalenye evulekileyo ye-mold cavity ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion material phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwe-lubrication. Elinye icala linxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nenqwelomoya yecaliper strip, kunye nelinye icala lizilayidi, okukhokelela kungquzulwano olukhulu. Umphezulu wecavity kunye nomphezulu webhanti ye-caliper uphantsi kokugqoka kunye nokungaphumeleli. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxubana kwe-mold, enye isinyithi ye-billet inamathele kwindawo yokusebenza yesikhunta, eyenza ijometri ye-mold itshintshe kwaye ingenakusetyenziswa, kwaye iphinda ithathwe njengokusilela kokugqoka, okuyiyo. ibonakaliswe ngendlela yokupasa komgca wokusika, imida ejikelezileyo, ukucwiliswa kwendiza, i-grooves surface, i-peelling, njl.
Uhlobo oluthile lokunxiba lokufa lunxulumene nezinto ezininzi ezinje ngesantya senkqubo yokukhuhlana, njengokubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neepropathi zomatshini wezinto zokufa kunye ne-billet ecutshungulwayo, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bokufa kunye nebillet, kunye noxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nesantya ngexesha lenkqubo extrusion. Ukunxiba kwe-aluminium extrusion mold ikakhulu kukunxitywa kwe-thermal, ukunxiba kwe-thermal kubangelwa kukukhuhlana, umphezulu wesinyithi uyathamba ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nomphezulu we-mold cavity. Emva kokuba umphezulu we-mold cavity uthambile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kuyancipha kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yokugqoka i-thermal, ubushushu buyinto ephambili echaphazela ukugqoka kwe-thermal. Okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona ukunxitywa kwe-thermal kubi kakhulu.
2.2 Ukuguqulwa kweplastiki
I-deformation yeplastiki yeprofayili ye-aluminium extrusion die yinkqubo yokuvelisa i-die metal material.
Ekubeni i-extrusion die ikwimeko yobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokukhuhlana okuphezulu kunye nentsimbi ekhutshiweyo ixesha elide xa isebenza, ubushushu bomhlaba wokufa buyanda kwaye bubangela ukuthamba.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziphakamileyo kakhulu zomthwalo, inani elikhulu le-deformation yeplastiki liya kwenzeka, libangele ukuba ibhanti yomsebenzi idibanise okanye idale i-ellipse, kwaye imilo yemveliso eveliswayo iya kutshintsha. Nokuba i-mold ayivelisi iintanda, iya kusilela ngenxa yokuba ukuchaneka komgangatho weprofayili ye-aluminium ayinakuqinisekiswa.
Ukongezelela, umphezulu wokufa kwe-extrusion uxhomekeke kwiiyantlukwano zeqondo lokushisa okubangelwa ukufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokupholisa, okuvelisa ukuxinzezeleka kwe-thermal ye-tension kunye noxinzelelo phezu komhlaba. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-microstructure iphinda iguqulelwe kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphantsi kwesi siphumo esidibeneyo, ukugqoka i-mold kunye ne-deformation yeplastiki yomhlaba kuya kwenzeka.
2.3 Umonakalo wokudinwa
Umonakalo wokudinwa kwe-Thermal ikwayenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokusilela kokungunda. Xa intonga ye-aluminium evuthayo idibana nomphezulu wokufa kwe-extrusion, ubushushu bomphezulu wentonga ye-aluminium buphakama ngokukhawuleza kunokushisa kwangaphakathi, kwaye uxinzelelo oluxinzelelekileyo lwenziwa phezu komhlaba ngenxa yokwandiswa.
Ngexesha elifanayo, amandla okuvelisa kwi-mold surface ayancipha ngenxa yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Xa ukunyuka koxinzelelo kudlula amandla okuvelisa kwintsimbi engaphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa elihambelanayo, ukunyanzeliswa kweplastiki kubonakala phezu komhlaba. Xa iprofayili ishiya isikhunta, ubushushu bomphezulu buyancipha. Kodwa xa iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwiprofayile lisephezulu, uxinzelelo luya kwenza.
Ngokufanayo, xa ukonyuka koxinzelelo lwe-tensile kudlula amandla esivuno somphezulu weprofayili, ukunyanzeliswa kweplastiki kuya kwenzeka. Xa ukunyanzeliswa kwendawo yokubumba kudlula umda we-elastic kwaye kungena kummandla weplastiki, ukuqokelela ngokuthe ngcembe kweentlobo zeplastiki ezincinci kunokwenza iintanda zokukhathala.
Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo wokukhathala kwesikhunta, izinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe kwaye inkqubo efanelekileyo yonyango lokushisa kufuneka yamkelwe. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuphuculeni indawo yokusetyenziswa kwesikhunta.
2.4 Ukwaphuka komngundo
Kwimveliso yangempela, iintanda zihanjiswa kwiindawo ezithile zokubumba. Emva kwexesha elithile lenkonzo, iintanda ezincinci zenziwe kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zanda ngokunzulu. Emva kokuba ukuqhekeka kwandiswe kubungakanani obuthile, umthamo womthwalo wokubumba uya kuba buthathaka kakhulu kwaye ubangele ukuphuka. Okanye i-microcracks sele yenzekile ngexesha lonyango lokuqala lobushushu kunye nokulungiswa kwesikhunta, okwenza kube lula ukuba isikhunta sandise kwaye sibangele ukuqhekeka kwangaphambili ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
Ngokumalunga noyilo, izizathu eziphambili zokungaphumeleli kuyilo lwamandla esikhunta kunye nokukhethwa kwe-fillet radius kwinguqu. Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, izizathu eziphambili zizinto zokuhlola kwangaphambili kunye nokuqwalaselwa kobunzima bomhlaba kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokucubungula, kunye nefuthe lonyango lokushisa kunye nomgangatho wonyango lomhlaba.
Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kulawulo lwe-mold preheating, umlinganiselo we-extrusion kunye nobushushu be-ingot, kunye nokulawulwa kwesantya sokukhupha kunye nokuhamba kwesinyithi.
3. Ukuphuculwa kobomi bokungunda
Kwimveliso yeeprofayili ze-aluminium, iindleko zokungunda zibalelwa kwinani elikhulu leendleko zokuvelisa iprofayili.
Umgangatho wokubumba nawo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso. Ekubeni iimeko zokusebenza ze-mold extrusion kwimveliso yeprofayili ye-extrusion zinzima kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo ukubumba ukusuka kuyilo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela yobumba kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo.
Ngokukodwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, i-mold kufuneka ibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, ukukhathala kwe-thermal, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-thermal kunye nokuqina okwaneleyo ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yokubumba kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.
3.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokubumba
Inkqubo ye-extrusion yeeprofayili ze-aluminium ngubushushu obuphezulu, inkqubo yokucubungula umthwalo ophezulu, kunye ne-aluminium extrusion die iphantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa ezinzima kakhulu.
I-extrusion die ixhomekeke kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ubushushu bommandla wendawo bunokufikelela kuma-600 degrees Celsius. Umphezulu we-extrusion die ufudumala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye upholile, obangela ukukhathala kwe-thermal.
Xa ukhupha ii-alloys ze-aluminium, umngundo kufuneka umelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukugoba kunye noxinzelelo lokucheba, oluya kubangela ukunxiba okuncamathelayo kunye nokunxitywa kwe-abrasive.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza zokufa kwe-extrusion, iipropati ezifunekayo zezinto eziphathekayo zinokumiselwa.
Okokuqala, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zibe nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zibe lula ukunyibilika, ukubumba, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokunyanga ukushisa. Ukongezelela, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zibe namandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. I-Extrusion iyafa ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Xa ukhupha iialloyi ze-aluminiyam, amandla okuqina ezinto zokufa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kufuneka abe makhulu kune-1500MPa.
Kufuneka ibe nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukumelana nomthwalo womatshini kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngexesha lokukhupha. Kufuneka ibe nefuthe eliphezulu lokuqina kunye nexabiso lokuqina kwe-fracture kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo kunye nokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhusela isikhunta kwi-brittle fracture phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo okanye imithwalo yempembelelo.
Kufuneka ibe nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, oko kukuthi, umphezulu unamandla okumelana nokunxiba phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu bexesha elide, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-lubrication engalunganga, ngakumbi xa ukhupha i-alloys ye-aluminium ekhuphayo, inamandla okumelana nokunamathela kwesinyithi kunye nokunxiba.
Ukuqina okulungileyo kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe iipropati eziphezulu kunye nezifanayo zoomatshini kulo lonke icandelo lomnqamlezo wesixhobo.
I-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal iyafuneka ukuba ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza ubushushu ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza yesixhobo sokubumba ukuthintela ukutshiswa kwendawo okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamandla omatshini we-workpiece ekhutshiwe kunye nokubumba ngokwayo.
Kufuneka ibe nokuchasana okunamandla kuxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo lwe-cyclic, oko kukuthi, kufuna amandla ahlala ixesha elide ukukhusela umonakalo wokukhathala kwangaphambi kwexesha. Kukwafuneka ibe nokuxhathisa okuthile kwi-corrosion kunye neempawu ezilungileyo ze-nitridability.
3.2 Uyilo olufanelekileyo lokungunda
Uyilo olunengqiqo lokungunda luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Ulwakhiwo lokubumba oluyilwe ngokuchanekileyo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba akukho nto inokwenzeka yokuqhekeka kwempembelelo kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa eziqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, xa uyila isikhunta, zama ukwenza uxinzelelo kwinqanaba ngalinye, kwaye unike ingqalelo ukuphepha iikona ezibukhali, iikona zeconcave, umahluko wobungakanani bodonga, icandelo elibanzi eludongeni olubanzi, njl., ukunqanda uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Ke, kubangele ukuguqulwa konyango lobushushu, ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka okuncinci okanye ukuqhekeka okushushu kwangoko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngelixa uyilo olusemgangathweni lukwaluncedo kutshintshiselwano logcino kunye nokugcinwa kokungunda.
3.3 Ukuphucula umgangatho wonyango lobushushu kunye nonyango lwangaphandle
Ubomi benkonzo yokufa kwe-extrusion kakhulu kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wonyango lokushisa. Ke ngoko, iindlela eziphambili zonyango lobushushu kunye neenkqubo zonyango lobushushu kunye nokuqina kunye nokuqinisa unyango kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ubomi benkonzo yokubumba.
Ngelo xesha, unyango olushushu kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisa umphezulu zilawulwa ngokungqongqo ukukhusela iziphene zokunyanga ukushisa. Ukulungelelanisa iparameters inkqubo yokucima kunye nokufutha, ukwandisa inani pretreatment, ukuzinzisa unyango kunye nokufutha, ukunikela ingqalelo ulawulo lobushushu, ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ngamandla, usebenzisa entsha eendaba zokucima kunye nokufunda iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha ezifana ukomeleza kunye nonyango toughening kunye ezahlukeneyo ukomeleza umphezulu. unyango, zinceda ekuphuculeni ubomi benkonzo yokungunda.
3.4 Ukuphucula umgangatho wokwenziwa kokungunda
Ngethuba lokucubungula ukubunjwa, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuqhuba zibandakanya ukucutshungulwa komatshini, ukusika ucingo, ukukhutshwa kombane, njl njl. Ayitshintshi kuphela ubungakanani bembonakalo yesikhunta, kodwa iphinda ichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho weprofayili kunye nobomi benkonzo yobumba.
Ukusika ucingo lwemingxuma yokufa yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yokubumba. Iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kokucubungula, kodwa kuzisa iingxaki ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-mold processed by wire cutting isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ngaphandle kokufudumala, i-slag, i-peelling, njl. Kuya kwenzeka lula, okuya kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo ye-mold. Ke ngoko, ukuthambisa okwaneleyo kokungunda emva kokusikwa kocingo kunokuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lomphezulu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yokubumba.
Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo ngoyena nobangela wokuqhekeka komngundo. Ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwe ngumzobo wokuzoba, ubukhulu becala locingo lokusika ucingo, lungcono. Oku akuncedi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kuphucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo ukukhusela ukwenzeka koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Ukukhutshwa kombane luhlobo lomatshini wokutya kombane olwenziwa yi-superposition yezinto eziphathekayo, ukunyibilika kunye nokunyuka kolwelo oluveliswa ngexesha lokukhupha. Ingxaki kukuba ngenxa yokushisa kokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa okusebenzayo kwi-machining fluid kunye nesenzo se-electrochemical ye-machining fluid, i-maleko eguqulwayo yenziwa kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuvelisa ubunzima kunye noxinzelelo. Kwimeko yeoli, iiathom zekhabhoni zibolile ngenxa yokutsha kweoyile esasazekileyo kunye ne-carburize kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lukhula, umaleko owohlokayo uba brittle kwaye uqine kwaye ulungele ukuqhekeka. Ngelo xesha, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwenziwa kwaye lufakwe kwi-workpiece. Oku kuya kubangela ukunciphisa amandla okudinwa, ukuphuka okukhawulezileyo, ukubola koxinzelelo kunye nezinye izinto. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, kufuneka sizame ukuphepha iingxaki ezingentla kwaye siphucule umgangatho wokucubungula.
3.5 Ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza kunye neemeko zenkqubo ye-extrusion
Iimeko zokusebenza ze-extrusion die zimbi kakhulu, kwaye indawo yokusebenza nayo imbi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuphucula indlela yenkqubo ye-extrusion kunye neeparitha zenkqubo, kunye nokuphucula iimeko zokusebenza kunye nendawo yokusebenza kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni ubomi bokufa. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba i-extrusion iqulunqwe ngononophelo, iplani ye-extrusion kufuneka iqulunqwe ngononophelo, ukhethe eyona nkqubo yesixhobo kunye neenkcukacha zezinto eziphathekayo, wenze iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-extrusion (ezifana nokushisa kwe-extrusion, isantya, i-coefficient ye-extrusion kunye noxinzelelo lwe-extrusion, njl. njl.) indawo yokusebenza ngexesha le-extrusion (njengokupholisa kwamanzi okanye ukupholisa i-nitrogen, i-lubrication eyaneleyo, njl.), ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kwesikhunta (njengokunciphisa i-extrusion uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukushisa kwe-chill kunye nomthwalo oguqukayo, njl.), ukuseka nokuphucula iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo.
4 Isiphelo
Ngophuhliso lweendlela zoshishino lwe-aluminium, kwiminyaka yakutshanje wonke umntu ufuna iimodeli ezingcono zophuhliso ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonga iindleko, kunye nokunyusa izibonelelo. I-extrusion die ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yinto ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukuveliswa kweeprofayili ze-aluminium.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ubomi be-aluminium extrusion die. Ukongeza kwizinto zangaphakathi ezifana noyilo lolwakhiwo kunye namandla okufa, izinto zokufa, ukusetyenzwa okubandayo kunye ne-thermal kunye neteknoloji yokulungiswa kombane, unyango lobushushu kunye neteknoloji yonyango lomhlaba, kukho inkqubo yokukhupha kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kokufa, ukukhutshwa kunye nokulungiswa. iimpawu zemathiriyeli yemveliso kunye nokumila, iinkcukacha kunye nolawulo lwenzululwazi lokufa.
Kwangaxeshanye, izinto eziphembelelayo azikho enye, kodwa yingxaki ebanzi yezinto ezininzi, ukuphucula ubomi bayo ngokuqinisekileyo kuyingxaki yenkqubo, kwimveliso eyiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo, kufuneka kuphuculwe uyilo, ukusetyenzwa komngundo, ukugcinwa kokusetyenziswa kunye neminye imiba ephambili yolawulo, kwaye emva koko kuphuculwe ubomi benkonzo yokubumba, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-14-2024
