Ibhetri iyona nto iphambili kwisithuthi sombane, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kumisela izikhombisi zobugcisa ezifana nobomi bebhetri, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nobomi benkonzo yesithuthi sombane. Itreyi yebhetri kwimodyuli yebhetri licandelo eliphambili elenza imisebenzi yokuthwala, ukukhusela, kunye nokupholisa. Ipakethi yebhetri ye-modular ihlelwe kwi-tray yebhetri, igxininiswe kwi-chassis yemoto nge-tray yebhetri, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Ekubeni ifakwe phantsi komzimba wesithuthi kwaye indawo yokusebenza inzima, i-tray yebhetri. idinga ukuba nomsebenzi wokuthintela impembelelo yamatye kunye ne-puncture ukukhusela imodyuli yebhetri ukuba yonakaliswe. Itreyi yebhetri yinxalenye yokhuseleko olubalulekileyo lwezithuthi zombane. Oku kulandelayo kwazisa inkqubo yokubumba kunye noyilo lokungunda lweetreyi zebhetri yealluminiyam kwizithuthi zombane.
Umzobo 1 (itreyi yebhetri yeAluminiyam)
1 Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo kunye noyilo lokungunda
1.1 Uhlalutyo lokudlala
I-aluminium i-alloy yebhetri ye-tray yezithuthi zombane iboniswe kwi-Figure 2. Imilinganiselo yonke i-1106mm × 1029mm × 136mm, ubukhulu bodonga olusisiseko yi-4mm, umgangatho wokuphosa malunga ne-15.5kg, kunye nomgangatho wokuphosa emva kokucubungula malunga ne-12.5kg. Izinto eziphathekayo yi-A356-T6, Amandla okuqina ≥ 290MPa, amandla esivuno ≥ 225MPa, elongation ≥ 6%, ukuqina kweBrinell ≥ 75~90HBS, idinga ukuhlangabezana nokuxinwa komoya kunye neemfuno ze-IP67&IP69K.
Umfanekiso 2 (itreyi yebhetri yeAluminiyam)
1.2 Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo
Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuphosa ukufa yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuphosa phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nokuphosa ubunzima. Ayinayo nje inzuzo yokusebenzisa iimbumba zetsimbi zombini, kodwa ineempawu zokuzaliswa okuzinzile. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-die casting luneenzuzo zokuzaliswa kwesantya esisezantsi ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, kulula ukulawula isantya, impembelelo encinci kunye ne-splash ye-aluminium engamanzi, i-slag encinci ye-oxide, ukuxinana kwezicubu eziphezulu kunye neempawu eziphezulu zemishini. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuphosa ukufa, i-aluminium yolwelo igcwaliswa ngokutyibilikayo, kwaye ukuphosa kuyaqina kwaye kukhazimle phantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye ukuphosa ngesakhiwo esixineneyo, iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nenkangeleko entle inokufumaneka, efanelekileyo ukwenza iicastings ezinkulu ezinodonga olucekethekileyo. .
Ngokweempawu zoomatshini ezifunekayo ngokugalelwa, izinto zokugalela yi-A356, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi emva kokunyangwa kwe-T6, kodwa ukugalelwa kwamanzi alo mbandela ngokubanzi kufuna ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu bokubumba ukuvelisa i-castings enkulu kunye nencinci.
1.3 Inkqubo yokugalela
Ngokujonga iimpawu zokuphoswa okukhulu kunye nezincinci, amasango amaninzi kufuneka ayilwe. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuzaliswa kakuhle kwe-aluminium ye-liquid, iziteshi zokuzalisa zongezwa kwifestile, ekufuneka isuswe nge-post-processing. Izikimu zenkqubo ezimbini zenkqubo yokugalela ziyilwe kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye iskimu ngasinye sathelekiswa. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3, i-scheme 1 ilungiselela amasango angama-9 kwaye yongeza iziteshi zokutya kwifestile; iskimu se-2 silungiselela iingcango ezi-6 ezigalela ukusuka kwicala lokubunjwa ukuze zenziwe. Uhlalutyo lwe-CAE lokulinganisa luboniswe kwi-Figure 4 kunye ne-Figure 5. Sebenzisa iziphumo zokulinganisa ukulungelelanisa isakhiwo sokubumba, zama ukuphepha impembelelo embi yoyilo lokubumba kumgangatho wokuphosa, ukunciphisa amathuba okuphosa iziphene, kunye nokunciphisa umjikelezo wophuhliso. yokusaswa.
Umzobo 3 (Ukuthelekiswa kweenkqubo ezimbini zenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi
Umzobo 4 (Uthelekiso lwentsimi yobushushu ngexesha lokuzaliswa)
Umzobo 5 (Ukuthelekiswa kwe-shrinkage porosity defects emva kokuqina)
Iziphumo zokulinganisa ezi zicwangciso zimbini zingasentla zibonisa ukuba i-aluminiyam elulwelo kumngxuma inyuka isiya phezulu ngokunxuseneyo, ehambelana nethiyori yokuzaliswa ngokunxuseneyo kwe-aluminiyam engamanzi iyonke, kunye nenxalenye ye-porosity eyi-srinkage yokuphosa. isonjululwe ngokomeleza ukupholisa kunye nezinye iindlela.
Izibonelelo zezicwangciso ezimbini: Ukuqwalasela kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-aluminium engamanzi ngexesha lokuzaliswa okufanisiweyo, ubushushu besiphelo se-distal ye-casting eyenziwe yi-scheme ye-1 inokulingana okuphezulu kune-scheme 2, ehambelana nokuzaliswa komgodi. . I-casting eyenziwe yi-scheme ye-2 ayinayo intsalela yesango njenge-scheme 1. I-shrinkage porosity ingcono kune-scheme ye-1.
Ukungalungi kwezi zicwangciso zimbini: Ngenxa yokuba isango licwangciswe kwi-casting eya kwenziwa kwi-scheme ye-1, kuya kubakho intsalela yesango kwi-casting, eya kwandisa malunga ne-0.7ka xa kuthelekiswa nokuphosa kwasekuqaleni. ukusuka kubushushu be-aluminium yolwelo kwiskimu 2 ukuzaliswa okufanisiweyo, ubushushu be-aluminium engamanzi kwisiphelo se-distal sele buphantsi, kwaye ukulinganisa kuphantsi kwemeko efanelekileyo yeqondo lokushisa lokungunda, ngoko ke amandla okuhamba kwe-aluminium engamanzi angonelanga. imeko yokwenyani, kwaye kuya kubakho ingxaki yobunzima bokubumba ukubumba.
Idityaniswe nohlalutyo lwemiba eyahlukeneyo, iskimu 2 sakhethwa njengenkqubo yokugalela. Ngokubhekiselele kwiintsilelo zeskimu se-2, inkqubo yokuthulula kunye nenkqubo yokufudumala iphuculwe kwi-design mold. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 6, i-overflow riser yongezwa, enenzuzo yokuzaliswa kwe-aluminium engamanzi kwaye iyanciphisa okanye igweme ukwenzeka kweziphene kwii-castings ezibunjiweyo.
Umzobo 6 (Inkqubo yokugalela ephuculweyo)
1.4 Inkqubo yokupholisa
Iindawo ezithwele uxinzelelo kunye neendawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwemishini yokuphosa kufuneka zipholile ngokufanelekileyo okanye zondliwe ukuze zigweme i-shrinkage porosity okanye i-thermal cracking. Ubukhulu bodonga olusisiseko lokubunjwa ngu-4mm, kwaye ukuqina kuya kuchaphazeleka ngokuchithwa kobushushu besikhunta ngokwayo. Kwiindawo zayo ezibalulekileyo, inkqubo yokupholisa imiselwe, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7. Emva kokuba ukuzaliswa kugqityiwe, dlulisa amanzi ukupholisa, kwaye ixesha elithile lokupholisa lifuna ukulungiswa kwindawo yokuthulula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukulandelelana kokuqina. yakhiwe ukusuka kumgama ukusuka ekupheleni kwesango ukuya ekupheleni kwesango, kwaye isango kunye nesikhuphukeli ziqinisiwe ekupheleni ukuphumeza umphumo wesondlo. Icandelo elinodonga olutyebileyo luthatha indlela yokongeza ukupholisa kwamanzi kwi-insert. Le ndlela inesiphumo esingcono kwinkqubo yokuphosa yangempela kwaye inokuphepha i-shrinkage porosity.
Umfanekiso 7 (Inkqubo yokupholisa)
1.5 Inkqubo yokukhupha umoya
Kuba umngxuma woxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuphosa isinyithi uvaliwe, awunakunyanzeliswa komoya okufana nokubumba kwesanti, kwaye awupheli ngokunyuka ngokunyuka komxhuzulane oqhelekileyo wokuphosa, ukukhutshwa kombhobho ophantsi woxinzelelo kuya kuchaphazela inkqubo yokuzaliswa kolwelo. aluminiyam kunye nomgangatho wokusa. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-die casting mold lunokuphela ngokusebenzisa izithuba, i-grooves yokukhupha kunye ne-exhaust plugs kwindawo yokuhlukana, intonga yokutyhala njl.
Ukuyila ubungakanani bombhobho kwindlela yokukhupha kufuneka kube yinto efanelekileyo yokukhupha ngaphandle kokugqithisa, inkqubo yokukhupha ingqiqo inokuthintela ukuphosa kwiiphene ezifana nokuzaliswa okunganeleyo, indawo ekhululekile, kunye namandla aphantsi. Indawo yokugqibela yokuzalisa i-aluminium engamanzi ngexesha lokuthulula, njengokuphumla kwecala kunye nokunyuka kwesikhunta esiphezulu, kufuneka kuxhotyiswe ngegesi yokukhupha. Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminiyam elulwelo iqukuqela ngokulula kwisithuba sokukhupha iplagi kwinkqubo eyiyo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuphosa ukufa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimeko yokuba iplagi yomoya itsalwe xa kuvulwe ukungunda, iindlela ezintathu zamkelwa emva kokuba iplagi yolwelo ikhutshiwe. imizamo emininzi kunye nokuphuculwa: Indlela ye-1 isebenzisa iplagi yomoya ye-metallurgy sintered, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8(a), into engalunganga kukuba iindleko zokuvelisa ziphezulu; Indlela yesi-2 isebenzisa iplagi yokukhupha i-seam ene-gap ye-0.1 mm, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 8 (b), into engalunganga kukuba i-exhaust seam ivalwe ngokulula emva kokutshiza ipeyinti; Indlela ye-3 isebenzisa iplagi yokukhupha i-wire-cut, i-gap yi-0.15 ~ 0.2 mm, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 8 (c). Izinto ezingeloncedo kukusebenza okuphantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Iiplagi ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwendawo yokwenyani yokuphosa. Ngokubanzi, iiplagi ze-sintered kunye ne-wire-cut vent vent zisetyenziselwa umgodi wokuphosa, kwaye uhlobo lomthungo lusetyenziselwa intloko yesanti engundoqo.
Umzobo 8 (iintlobo ezi-3 zeeplagi zokukhupha ezilungele ukuphoswa koxinzelelo oluphantsi)
1.6 Inkqubo yokufudumeza
Ukusatywa kukhulu ngokobukhulu kwaye kubhityile kububanzi bodonga. Kuhlalutyo lokuhamba kwe-mold, izinga lokuhamba kwe-aluminium engamanzi ekupheleni kokuzaliswa akwanelanga. Isizathu kukuba i-aluminium elulwelo inde kakhulu ukuba ihambe, iqondo lobushushu liyehla, kwaye i-aluminium yolwelo iqina kwangaphambili kwaye ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuhamba, ukuvalwa okubandayo okanye ukugalela okungonelanga kwenzeka, isinyusi somgangatho ophezulu wokufa asiyi kuba nako ukuphumeza isiphumo sokutyisa. Ngokusekwe kwezi ngxaki, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukutyeba kodonga kunye nokumila kokugalelwa, nyusa ubushushu be-aluminium engamanzi kunye nobushushu bokungunda, phucula ubumanzi be-aluminiyam engamanzi, kunye nokusombulula ingxaki yokuvala okubandayo okanye ukugalelwa okunganeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-aluminiyam yolwelo kunye nobushushu bomngundo buya kuvelisa iindawo ezintsha zokuhlangana kwe-thermal okanye i-shrinkage porosity, ekhokelela kwiipinhole zenqwelomoya ezigqithisileyo emva kokuphoswa. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe ubushushu obufanelekileyo be-aluminium engamanzi kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo bokungunda. Ngokwamava, ubushushu be-aluminium engamanzi bulawulwa malunga ne-720 ℃, kwaye ubushushu bokubumba bulawulwa kwi-320 ~ 350 ℃.
Ngokujonga umthamo omkhulu, ubukhulu bodonga oluncinci kunye nokuphakama okuphantsi kokuphosa, inkqubo yokufudumala ifakwe kwindawo ephezulu yokubumba. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 9, isalathiso somlilo sijongene nezantsi kunye necala lokubumba ukutshisa indiza ephantsi kunye necala lokuphosa. Ngokwemeko yokugalela kwindawo, hlengahlengisa ixesha lokufudumeza kunye nedangatye, lawula ubushushu bendawo ephezulu yokungunda kwi-320 ~ 350 ℃, qinisekisa ulwelo lwe-aluminium yolwelo ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo, kwaye wenze i-aluminium engamanzi igcwalise umngxuma. kunye nokunyuka. Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, inkqubo yokufudumeza inokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo i-fluidity ye-aluminium engamanzi.
Umzobo 9 (Inkqubo yokufudumeza)
2. Ubume bokubumba kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza
Ngokwenkqubo yokuphosa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, idityaniswe neempawu zokuphosa kunye nesakhiwo sezixhobo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukubunjwa okubunjiweyo kuhlala kubumba obuphezulu, ngaphambili, ngasemva, ekhohlo nasekunene izakhiwo zokutsala ezingundoqo. yenzelwe kumngundo ophezulu. Emva kokuba i-casting yenziwe kwaye iqiniswe, i-molds ephezulu kunye nesezantsi ivulwa kuqala, kwaye emva koko idonsa i-core kwiindlela ezi-4, kwaye ekugqibeleni ipleyiti ephezulu ye-mold ephezulu ityhala ngaphandle ukuphosa okwenziweyo. Ulwakhiwo lokungunda luboniswe kuMfanekiso we-10.
Umfanekiso we-10 (isakhiwo sokungunda)
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2023
