I-Anealing kunye nokucima kunye nokuguga zizinto ezisisiseko zonyango olushushu lwe-alloys aluminiyam. I-Anealing yonyango oluthambileyo, injongo yalo kukwenza i-alloy uniform kwaye izinzile ekubunjweni kunye nesakhiwo, ukuphelisa umsebenzi onzima, nokubuyisela iplastiki ye-alloy. Ukucima kunye nokuguga kukuqinisa unyango lobushushu, injongo yokuphucula amandla e-alloy, kwaye isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-alloys ye-aluminium enokomelezwa ngonyango lokushisa.
1 Ukucoca
Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, i-aluminiyam ialloy annealing yahlulahlulwe yaziintlobo ezininzi: i-ingot homogenization annealing, i-billet annealing, i-annealing ephakathi kunye nokugqitywa kwemveliso.
1.1 I-Ingot homogenization annealing
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-condensation ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-crystallization engekho-equilibrium, i-ingot kufuneka ibe nokubunjwa okungalinganiyo kunye nesakhiwo, kwaye ibe noxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi. Ukuze utshintshe le meko kwaye uphucule inkqubo yokusebenza eshushu ye-ingot, i-homogenization annealing iyafuneka ngokubanzi.
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusasazwa kwe-athomu, iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kufuneka likhethelwe i-homogenization annealing, kodwa akufuneki lidlule kwindawo esezantsi yokunyibilika kwe-eutectic yokunyibilika kwealloyi. Ngokubanzi, iqondo lobushushu le-homogenization le-annealing lingaphantsi kwe-5 ~ 40℃ kunendawo yokunyibilika, kwaye ixesha lokufunxa liphakathi kwe-12 ~ 24h.
1.2 Ukufakwa kweebhilidi
I-Billet annealing ibhekiselele ekufakweni ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kokuqala okubandayo ngexesha loxinzelelo. Injongo kukwenza i-billet ifumane isakhiwo esinokulinganisela kwaye ibe neyona nto iphezulu ye-deformation yeplastiki. Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu eliqengqelekayo le-aluminiyam eqengqelekayo eqengqelekayo yi-280 ~ 330℃. Emva kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa, umsebenzi onzima awukwazi ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokukodwa, kwi-alloys ye-aluminium eyomeleziweyo yokushisa, emva kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo ye-recrystallization ayizange iphele, kwaye isisombululo esiqinileyo se-supersaturated asikachithwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye inxalenye yomsebenzi wokuqina kunye nokucima umphumo usagcinwa. Kunzima ukubanda uqengqeleke ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokuqhotyoshwa, ngoko ke kufuneka i-billet annealing. Kwii-alloys ze-aluminiyam ezomeleziweyo ezinganyangekiyo, ezifana ne-LF3, ukushisa kwe-annealing yi-370 ~ 470℃, kwaye ukupholisa komoya kwenziwa emva kokufudumala kwe-1.5 ~ 2.5h. Ibillet kunye neqondo lokushisa le-annealing elisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwetyhubhu etsalwa ngokubanda kufuneka libe phezulu ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubushushu bomda ophezulu unokukhethwa. Kwi-alloys ye-aluminiyam enokomelezwa ngonyango lobushushu, njenge-LY11 kunye ne-LY12, ubushushu be-billet annealing yi-390 ~ 450℃, igcinwe kobu bushushu be-1 ~ 3h, emva koko ipholiswe eziko ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-270 ℃ ngesantya esingekho ngaphezu kwe-30 ℃ / h led ngaphandle emoyeni.
1.3 Ukukhutshwa okuphakathi
Intermediate annealing ibhekisela annealing phakathi kweenkqubo deformation ebandayo, injongo leyo kukuphelisa umsebenzi nzima ukuququzelela deformation ebandayo eqhubekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokuba imathiriyeli ihlanjululwe, kuya kuba nzima ukuqhubeka nokusebenza okubandayo ngaphandle kwe-annealing ephakathi emva kokwenza i-45 ~ 85% deformation ebandayo.
Inkqubo yenkqubo yokuqhobosha okuphakathi iyafana ngokusisiseko naleyo yebillet annealing. Ngokweemfuno zedigri ye-deformation ebandayo, i-annealing ephakathi inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-annealing epheleleyo (i-deformation iyonke ε≈60 ~ 70%), i-annealing elula (ε≤50%) kunye ne-annealing encinci (ε≈30 ~ 40%). Iisistim ezimbini zokuqala zokufunxa ziyafana ne-billet annealing, kwaye le yokugqibela ifudunyezwa kwi-320 ~ 350℃ nge-1.5 ~ 2h kwaye emva koko ipholile.
1.4. Kugqityiwe ukufakwa kwemveliso
Imveliso egqityiweyo i-annealing yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu olunika izinto eziphathekayo iimpawu ezithile zombutho kunye noomatshini ngokweemfuno zeemeko zobugcisa bemveliso.
Ukugqitywa kwe-annealing yemveliso kunokohlulwa ibe yi-annealing yobushushu obuphezulu (ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezithambileyo) kunye ne-annealing yobushushu obuphantsi (ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezilukhuni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo). Ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-annealing kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba isakhiwo esipheleleyo se-recrystallization kunye neplastiki efanelekileyo inokufumaneka. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zifumana isakhiwo esihle kunye nokusebenza, ixesha lokubamba akufanele libe lide kakhulu. Kwi-alloys ye-aluminium enokomelezwa ngonyango lobushushu, ukwenzela ukuthintela umphumo wokucima ukupholisa umoya, izinga lokupholisa kufuneka lilawulwe ngokungqongqo.
Ukunciphisa ubushushu obuphantsi kubandakanya ukuthomalalisa unxunguphalo kunye nokuthomalalisa okungaphelelanga kokuthambisa, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aluminiyam esulungekileyo kunye nonyango olungelulo ubushushu olomeleziweyo lwealloyi zealuminiyam. Ukuqulunqa inkqubo ye-annealing yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ongadingi kuphela ukuqwalasela ubushushu bokushisa kunye nexesha lokubamba, kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo impembelelo yokungcola, i-alloying degree, i-deformation ebanda, i-intermediate annealing temperature kunye ne-hot deformation yeqondo lokushisa. Ukuqulunqa inkqubo ye-annealing yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ijika lokutshintsha phakathi kokushisa kwe-annealing kunye neempawu zomatshini, kwaye emva koko unqume uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa ngokuhambelana nezalathi zokusebenza ezichazwe kwiimeko zobugcisa.
2 Ukucima
Ukucima ingxubevange aluminiyam ikwabizwa ngokuba unyango isisombululo, nto leyo ukunyibilikisa izinto ezininzi ingxubevange kwintsimbi njengesigaba sesibini kwisisombululo eqinileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokufudumeza-ubushushu obuphezulu, kulandele ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza inqanda imvula kwisigaba sesibini, ngaloo ndlela kufunyanwa supersaturated aluminiyam-based α isisombululo eqinileyo, nto leyo elungiselelwe kakuhle unyango lokuguga elandelayo.
Isiseko sokufumana i-supersaturated α isisombululo esiqinileyo kukuba i-solubility yesigaba sesibini kwi-alloy kwi-aluminium kufuneka inyuke kakhulu ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ngaphandle koko, injongo yonyango lwesisombululo esiqinileyo ayinakufezekiswa. Uninzi lwezinto ezidibeneyo kwi-aluminium zinokwenza umzobo wesigaba se-eutectic kunye nolu phawu. Ukuthatha i-alloy ye-Al-Cu njengomzekelo, ubushushu be-eutectic yi-548 ℃, kunye ne-solubility yeqondo lokushisa kwegumbi kwi-aluminium engaphantsi kwe-0.1%. Xa ishushu kwi-548℃, ukunyibilika kwayo kwandisa ukuya kwi-5.6%. Ngoko ke, i-alloys ye-Al-Cu equkethe ngaphantsi kwe-5.6% yobhedu ingena kwi-α yesigaba esisodwa emva kokuba ubushushu bokufudumala budlula umgca we-solvus, oko kukuthi, isigaba sesibini i-CuAl2 sichithwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-matrix, kwaye isisombululo esisodwa se-supersaturated α esiqinileyo sinokufumaneka emva kokucima.
Ukucima yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ifuna umsebenzi wonyango wobushushu kwiialloys ze-aluminium. Into ephambili kukuba ukhethe ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokucima ukucima kwaye uqinisekise izinga lokupholisa elaneleyo lokucima, kunye nokulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu beziko kunye nokunciphisa ukucima ukuguqulwa.
Umgaqo wokukhetha ubushushu bokucima kukunyusa ubushushu bokucima ukucima kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba i-alloy ye-aluminium ayitshisi kakhulu okanye iinkozo zikhule ngokugqithiseleyo, ukwenzela ukuba kwandiswe i-supersaturation yesisombululo esiqinileyo se-α kunye namandla emva kokunyanga ukuguga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-aluminium alloy yokufudumeza isithando somlilo idinga ukuchaneka kokulawula ubushushu bomlilo ukuba ibe ngaphakathi ± 3 ℃, kwaye umoya osesithandweni unyanzelekile ukuba ujikeleze ukuqinisekisa ukufana kweqondo lokushisa.
Ukugqithisa kwe-aluminium alloy kubangelwa ukunyibilika kwenxalenye yamacandelo aphantsi-encibilikisiwe ngaphakathi kwesinyithi, njengebinary okanye i-multi-element eutectics. Ukugqithisa akubangeli nje ukunciphisa iipropati zomatshini, kodwa kunempembelelo enzulu kwi-corrosion resistance ye-alloy. Ngoko ke, xa i-alloy ye-aluminium iphelile, ayikwazi ukupheliswa kwaye imveliso ye-alloy kufuneka ichithwe. Iqondo lokushisa langempela lokutshisa i-alloy ye-aluminium igxininisekile ngokubunjwa kwe-alloy kunye nomxholo wokungcola, kwaye inxulumene nemeko yokucubungula i-alloy. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo beemveliso eziye zatyhutyha iplastiki yokuguqulwa kwezinto ziphezulu kunoko kuphosa. I-processing enkulu ye-deformation, kulula ukuba i-non-equilibrium low-melting-point components ukunyibilika kwi-matrix xa ishushu, ngoko ke iqondo lokushisa langempela liyenyuka.
Izinga lokupholisa ngexesha lokucima i-alloy ye-aluminium inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwikhono lokomeleza ukuguga kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-alloy. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucima i-LY12 kunye ne-LC4, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo se-α esiqinileyo asiboli, ngokukodwa kwindawo enobushushu be-290 ~ 420 ℃, kwaye isantya sokupholisa ngokwaneleyo siyafuneka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaziwe ukuba izinga lokupholisa kufuneka libe ngaphezu kwe-50 ℃/s, kwaye kwi-alloy ye-LC4, kufuneka ifikelele okanye idlule kwi-170 ℃/s.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokucima i-aluminiyam ialloys ngamanzi. Ukwenziwa kokuveliswa kwemveliso kubonisa ukuba isantya esikhulu sokupholisa ngexesha lokucima, ngakumbi uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye ne-deformation eseleyo yezinto ezicinyiweyo okanye i-workpiece. Ke ngoko, kwizinto ezincinci zokusebenza ezinemilo elula, ubushushu bamanzi bunokuba sezantsi kancinci, ngokubanzi 10 ~ 30 ℃, kwaye akufunekanga budlule kwi-40 ℃. Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezinemilo entsonkothileyo kunye nomahluko omkhulu kubunzima bodonga, ukuze kuncitshiswe i-deformation yokucima kunye nokuqhekeka, ubushushu bamanzi ngamanye amaxesha bunokunyuswa ukuya kuma-80 ℃. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba njengoko ukushisa kwamanzi kwitanki yokucima kwanda, amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-corrosion material nayo iyancipha ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ukwaluphala
3.1 Utshintsho kwisebe kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokusebenza ngexesha lokuguga
I-supersaturated α isisombululo esiqinileyo esifunyenwe ngokucinywa sisakhiwo esingazinzanga. Xa ishushu, iya kubola kwaye iguqule kwisakhiwo sokulinganisa. Ukuthatha i-alloy ye-Al-4Cu njengomzekelo, isakhiwo sayo sokulinganisa kufuneka sibe yi-α + CuAl2 (θ isigaba). Xa i-single-phase-supersaturated α isisombululo esiqinileyo emva kokucima ishushu ngenxa yokuguga, ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu ngokwaneleyo, isigaba se-θ siya kunyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kuqhutywa ngezigaba, oko kukuthi, emva kwezigaba ezithile zenguqu ephakathi, isigaba sokugqibela sokulinganisa i-CuAl2 sinokufikelelwa. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa iimpawu zesakhiwo sekristale kwinqanaba ngalinye lemvula ngexesha lokuguga kwe-al-Cu alloy. Umfanekiso a. sisakhiwo se-crystal lattice kwimeko yokucima. Ngeli xesha, sisisombululo esiluqilima sesigaba esinye se-α, kwaye ii-athomu zobhedu (amachaphaza amnyama) zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwaye ngokungenamkhethe kwi-aluminiyam (amachaphaza amhlophe) i-matrix lattice. Umfanekiso b. ibonisa ulwakhiwo lwelethisi kwinqanaba lokuqala lemvula. Iiathomu zobhedu ziqala ukugxila kwiindawo ezithile ze-matrix lattice ukwenza indawo yaseGuinier-Preston, ebizwa ngokuba yi-GP indawo. Indawo ye-GP incinci kakhulu kwaye i-disc-shaped, kunye nobubanzi obumalunga ne-5 ~ 10μm kunye nobukhulu be-0.4 ~ 0.6nm. Inani lezowuni zeGP kwimatrix likhulu ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye uxinano losasazo lungafikelela kwi-10¹⁷~10¹⁸cm-³ . Isakhiwo sekristal sommandla we-GP sisafana neso se-matrix, zombini i-cubic ejongene nobuso, kwaye igcina i-interface ehambelanayo kunye ne-matrix. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ubungakanani beeathom zobhedu buncinci kunobo be-athom ye-athom ye-aluminiyam, ukutyebisa kweeathom zobhedu kuya kubangela ukuba i-crystal lattice ekufutshane nommandla icutheke, nto leyo ebangela ukugqwetheka kwe-lattice.
Umzobo weSchematic we-crystal structure utshintsho lwe-alloy ye-Al-Cu ngexesha lokuguga
Umfanekiso a. Isimo esicinyiweyo, isisombululo esisodwa sesigaba α esiqinileyo, ii-athomu zobhedu (amachaphaza amnyama) zisasazwa ngokulinganayo;
Umfanekiso b. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuguga, indawo ye-GP yenziwa;
Umfanekiso c. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuguga, isigaba senguqu esihambelanayo senziwe;
Umfanekiso d. Ukuguga kobushushu obuphezulu, imvula yesigaba sokulingana esingahambelaniyo
Indawo ye-GP yimveliso yokuqala yangaphambi kwemvula ebonakala ngexesha lokuguga kwe-aluminium alloys. Ukwandisa ixesha lokuguga, ngokukodwa ukunyusa izinga lokushisa lokuguga, kuya kwenza nezinye izigaba zenguqu eziphakathi. Kwi-alloy ye-Al-4Cu, kukho i-θ” kunye ne-θ' izigaba emva kwendawo ye-GP, kwaye ekugqibeleni isigaba sokulinganisa i-CuAl2 sifikelelwe. θ "kunye no-θ' zizo zombini izigaba zenguqu zesigaba θ, kunye nesakhiwo sekristale sisikwere esikwere, kodwa i-lattice engaguqukiyo yahlukile. Ubungakanani be-θ bukhulu kunobo bendawo yeGP, isamile-disc, enobubanzi obumalunga ne-15 ~ 40nm kunye nobukhulu be-0.8 ~ 2.0nm. Iyaqhubeka nokugcina i-interface ehambelanayo kunye ne-matrix, kodwa i-degree of lattice distortion inamandla ngakumbi. Xa utshintshela ukusuka ku-θ ukuya kwisigaba se-θ', ubungakanani bukhule ukuya kwi-20 ~ 600nm, ubukhulu buyi-10 ~ 15nm, kwaye i-interface ehambelanayo nayo ibonakaliswe ngokuyinxenye, ibe yi-intercoherent interface, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso c. Imveliso yokugqibela yemvula yokuguga yi-equilibrium phase2 kunye ne-interface eyonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-equilibrium phase θ. ujongano olungangqinelaniyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso d.
Ngokwale meko ingasentla, i-al-Cu i-aging order ye-alloy yi-αs→α+GP zone→α+θ”→α+θ'→α+θ.Inqanaba lolwakhiwo lokuguga lixhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwe-alloy kunye neenkcukacha zokwaluphala.Kudla ngokubakho ngaphezu kwesinye imveliso egugayo kwimeko enye.Okukhona liphezulu iqondo lobushushu eligugayo, liya kufutshane nolwakhiwo olulinganayo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguga, indawo ye-GP kunye nesigaba senguqu ekhutshwe kwi-matrix incinci ngobukhulu, ihlakazekile kakhulu, kwaye ayiguquki lula. Ngelo xesha, babangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-lattice kwi-matrix kwaye benze intsimi yoxinzelelo, enempembelelo enkulu yokuthintela ukuhamba kwe-dislocation, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ukuchasana nokuguqulwa kweplastiki ye-alloy kunye nokuphucula amandla kunye nobunzima. Le nto yokuguga eyenza lukhuni ibizwa ngokuba kukuqiniswa kwemvula. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa utshintsho lobunzima be-Al-4Cu i-alloy ngexesha lokucima kunye nokuguga unyango ngendlela ye-curve. Inqanaba I kumzobo limele ubulukhuni be-alloy kwimeko yayo yangaphambili. Ngenxa yeembali ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezishushu, ubulukhuni bemeko yokuqala buya kwahluka, ngokubanzi HV=30~80. Emva kokufudumeza kwi-500℃ kunye nokucima (inqanaba le-II), zonke iiathom zobhedu ziyanyibilika kwi-matrix ukuze zenze isigaba esinye se-supersaturated α isisombululo esiqinileyo kunye ne-HV=60, elukhuni ngokuphindwe kabini kunobulukhuni kwi-anneal state (HV=30). Esi sisiphumo sokuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo. Emva kokucima, kufakwe kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye ubunzima be-alloy bunyuka ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokubunjwa okuqhubekayo kweendawo ze-GP (isigaba III). Le nkqubo yokuguga yokuqina kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi ibizwa ngokuba kukuguga kwendalo.
I—ilizwe lokuqala;
II-imeko yesisombululo esiqinileyo;
III-ukuguga kwendalo (indawo yeGP);
IVa-unyango lokubuyisela kwi-150 ~ 200 ℃ (iphinde yachithwa kwindawo ye-GP);
IVb—ukwaluphala okwenziweyo (θ”+θ' isigaba);
I-V—iyagqithisa (θ”+θ' isigaba)
Kwinqanaba le-IV, i-alloy ifudumala ukuya kwi-150 ° C yokuguga, kwaye umphumo wokuqina ubonakala ngakumbi kunokuguga kwendalo. Ngeli xesha, imveliso yemvula ubukhulu becala θ” isigaba, esinempembelelo enkulu yokuqinisa kwi-alloys ye-Al-Cu. Ukuba ubushushu bokuguga buyanda, ukuguquka kwesigaba semvula ukusuka kwisigaba se-θ ukuya kwisigaba sika-θ, umphumo wokuqina uyancipha, kwaye ukuqina kuncipha, ukungena kwisigaba V. Naluphi na unyango lokuguga olufuna ukufudumeza olufunekayo, kunye ne-V. olu didi. Ukuba ubunzima bufikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu lobunzima obunokufikelela kwi-alloy emva kokuguga (oko kukuthi, isigaba IVb), oku kuguga kubizwa ngokuba yi-peak aging. Ukuba ixabiso lobunzima obuphezulu alifikelelwanga, libizwa ngokuba ngumdala okanye ukuguga okungaphelelanga. Ukuba ixabiso eliphakamileyo ligqitywe kwaye ubunzima buyancipha, kuthiwa ukuguga ngokugqithiseleyo. Uzinziso lonyango lokuguga nalo lolokwaluphala kakhulu. Indawo ye-GP eyenziwe ngexesha lokuguga kwendalo ayizinzile kakhulu. Xa ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, elifana ne-200 ° C, kwaye ligcinwe lifudumele ixesha elifutshane, indawo ye-GP iya kunyibilika kwakhona kwisisombululo esiqinileyo se-α. Ukuba ipholiswe ngokukhawuleza (icinywe) phambi kwezinye izigaba zotshintsho ezifana no-θ” okanye θ' imvula, ingxubevange inokubuyiselwa kwimeko yayo yokucima umva.
Ukuqina kweminyaka sisiseko sokuphuhlisa ii-alloys ze-aluminium eziphathwa ngobushushu, kunye nokukwazi ukuqina kweminyaka kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokwakhiwa kwe-alloy kunye nenkqubo yonyango lokushisa. I-Al-Si kunye ne-Al-Mn i-alloys ye-binary ayinayo impembelelo yokuqina kwemvula ngenxa yokuba isigaba sokulingana sigxininiswe ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokuguga, kwaye aziyi-alloys ye-aluminium enganyangekiyo. Nangona i-alloys ye-Al-Mg inokwenza imimandla ye-GP kunye nezigaba zenguqu β', zinamandla athile okwenza lukhuni kwi-alloys ephezulu ye-magnesium. I-Al-Cu, i-Al-Cu-Mg, i-Al-Mg-Si kunye ne-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu i-alloys inamandla okuqina okuqina kwemvula kwiindawo zabo ze-GP kunye nezigaba zokutshintsha, kwaye okwangoku ziyinkqubo eziphambili ze-alloy ezinokuthi ziphathwe ukushisa kwaye zomelezwe.
3.2 Ukuguga ngokweNdalo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-alloys ze-aluminium ezinokuqiniswa ngonyango lobushushu zinefuthe lendalo lokuguga emva kokucima. Ukuqiniswa kokuguga kwendalo kubangelwa indawo ye-GP. Ukuguga kwendalo kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-alloys ye-Al-Cu kunye ne-Al-Cu-Mg. Ukuguga kwendalo ye-alloys ye-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ihlala ixesha elide, kwaye kaninzi kuthatha iinyanga eziliqela ukufikelela kwinqanaba elizinzile, ngoko inkqubo yokuguga yendalo ayisetyenziswanga.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuguga okwenziweyo, emva kokuguga kwendalo, amandla okuvelisa i-alloy aphantsi, kodwa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kubhetele, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kuphezulu. Imeko ye-aluminium enzima kakhulu ye-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ihluke kancinane. Ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion emva kokuguga okwenziwe kudla ngokuba ngcono kunoko emva kokuguga kwendalo.
3.3 Ukuguga ngokungeyomfuneko
Emva konyango lokuguga, iialloyi ze-aluminiyam zihlala zifumana amandla aphezulu esivuno (ingakumbi ukomeleza isigaba sotshintsho) kunye nokuzinza okungcono kombutho. I-aluminiyam enzima kakhulu, i-aluminiyam engumyinge kunye ne-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo ubukhulu becala bobudala bokwenziwa. Ukushisa kokuguga kunye nexesha lokuguga kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiipropati ze-alloy. Ubushushu bokukhula buphakathi kwe-120 ~ 190 ℃, kwaye ixesha lokuguga alidluli kwi-24h.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba elilodwa lokuguga, iialloyi ze-aluminiyam ziyakwazi ukwamkela inkqubo yokuguga eyenziweyo. Oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza kwenziwa kabini okanye ngaphezulu kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-alloy ye-LC4 ingaba mdala kwi-115 ~ 125 ℃ ye-2 ~ 4h kwaye emva kwe-160 ~ 170 ℃ ye-3 ~ 5h. Ukuguga ngokuthe ngcembe akunakunciphisa kakhulu ixesha, kodwa nokuphucula i-microstructure ye-Al-Zn-Mg kunye ne-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu i-alloys, kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwe-corrosion, amandla okukhathala kunye nokuqina kwe-fracture ngaphandle kokunciphisa ngokusisiseko iimpawu zomatshini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-06-2025
