Ishishini leemoto laseYurophu lidume ngokuqhubela phambili kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngokukhuthazwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide, i-alloys ye-aluminium ephuculweyo kunye neyilwe ngokutsha isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-design yemoto. Ngokwezibalo, kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, umyinge we-aluminiyam esetyenziswa kwiimoto zabagibeli uye waphindwe kabini, kwaye ukunciphisa ubunzima be-aluminium alloys kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 ngezantsi. Ngokusekwe kwiingcamango zoyilo oluyilayo, lo mkhwa uya kuqhubeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Kwinkqubo yophuhliso olulula, ii-alloys ze-aluminium zijongene nokhuphiswano olukrakra kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha, ezifana nentsimbi ephezulu, ekwazi ukugcina amandla aphezulu emva koyilo oluncinci. Ukongezelela, kukho i-magnesium, i-titanium, iglasi okanye i-carbon fiber composite materials, ezo zokugqibela sele zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace. Ngoku ingqikelelo yoyilo lwezinto ezininzi iye yadityaniswa kuyilo lwemoto, kwaye kwenziwa iinzame zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Umceli mngeni obaluleke kakhulu yingxaki yoxhulumaniso kunye nonyango oluphezulu, kunye nezisombululo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa, ezifana ne-injini ye-injini kunye namacandelo ololiwe ombane, uyilo lwesakhelo (Audi A2, A8, BMW Z8, Lotus Elise), isakhiwo seplate elincinci (Honda NSX). , Jaguar, Rover), ukunqunyanyiswa (iklasi ye-DC-E, i-Renault, i-Peugeot) kunye nezinye iinqununu zesakhiwo. Umzobo 2 ubonisa amacandelo e-aluminiyam asetyenziswa kwiimoto.
BIW Design Strategy
Umzimba-omhlophe ngowona mmandla unzima wemoto eqhelekileyo, uthatha i-25% ukuya kwi-30% yobunzima besithuthi. Kukho iidizayini ezimbini zoyilo kuyilo lwe-body-in-white.
1."Uyilo lwesakhelo sendawo yeprofayile" yeemoto ezincinci neziphakathi: Audi A8 ngumzekelo eqhelekileyo, umzimba emhlophe ubunzima 277 kg, iqulathe 59 profiles (61 kg), 31 castings (39 kg) kunye 170 sheet metal (177 kg). Badityaniswe ne-riveting, i-MIG welding, i-laser welding, enye i-hybrid welding, igluing, njl.
2. "I-Die-forged sheet metal isakhiwo se-monocoque" kusetyenziso lwemoto oluphakathi ukuya kumthamo omkhulu: umzekelo, i-Jaguar XJ (X350), imodeli ka-2002 (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4 ngezantsi), ubunzima be-295 kg "isakhiwo esinesitampu somzimba we-monocoque" umzimba-omhlophe wawuquka iiprofayili ezingama-22 (21 kg), i-15 castings (15 kg) kunye namacandelo angama-273 esinyithi (259 kg). Iindlela zokudibanisa ziquka ukudibanisa, i-riveting, kunye ne-MIG welding.
Ukusetyenziswa kweAluminiyam yeAluminiyam kuMzimba
1. Ubudala lukhuni i-Al-Mg-Si ingxubevange
Ii-alloys ze-6000 ze-series ziqukethe i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon kwaye ngoku zisetyenziswa kumaphepha omzimba weemoto njenge-A6016, i-A6111 kunye ne-A6181A. EYurophu, i-1-1.2mm EN-6016 inokwakheka okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokubola kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
2. Ingxubevange yeAl-Mg-Mn enganyangekiyo
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, iialloyi ze-Al-Mg-Mn zibonisa ukubumba okugqwesileyo kunye nokomelela okuphezulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-auto-rolled-rolled and cold-rolled sheets kunye ne-hydroformed tubes. Ukusetyenziswa kwi-chassis okanye amavili kusebenza ngakumbi kuba ukuncitshiswa kobunzima beendawo ezishukumayo ezingaphumiyo zongeza intuthuzelo yokuqhuba kwaye kunciphisa amanqanaba engxolo.
3. Iprofayili yeAluminiyam
EYurophu, iikhonsepthi zemoto ezintsha ngokupheleleyo zacetywayo ngokusekelwe kuyilo lweprofayili ye-aluminium, umzekelo, iifreyimu ze-aluminium alloy kunye nezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Amandla abo amakhulu oyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokudibanisa okusebenzayo kubenza bafaneleke kakhulu kwimveliso yochungechunge eneendleko. Ngenxa yokuba ukucima kuyadingeka ngexesha le-extrusion, amandla aphakathi kwe-6000 kunye namandla aphezulu angama-7000 ama-alloys anzima asetyenziswayo. Ukubunjwa kunye namandla okugqibela alawulwa ngokuqiniswa kweminyaka ngokufudumeza okulandelayo. Iiprofayili ze-aluminium alloy zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuyilo lwesakhelo, imiqadi yokuphahlazeka kunye namanye amacandelo okuphahlazeka.
4. Ukuphoswa kweAluminiyam
Iicastings zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aluminiyam kwiimoto, ezinje ngeebhlokhi ze-injini, iintloko zeesilinda kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo ze-chassis. Nkqu neenjini zedizili, eziye zasinyusa kakhulu isabelo sazo sentengiso eYurophu, zitshintshela kulwakhiwo lwealuminium ngenxa yokwanda kweemfuno zamandla kunye nokuqina. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphoswa kwe-aluminiyam kukwasetyenziswa kuyilo lwesakhelo, iinxalenye zeshaft kunye nezakhiwo, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-alSiMgMn alloys aluminiyam lufumene amandla aphezulu kunye ne-ductility.
Ialuminiyam yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zeemoto ezinje nge-chassis, umzimba kunye nezinto ezininzi ezakhiweyo ngenxa yokuxinana kwayo okuphantsi, ukumila kakuhle kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle kokubola. I-Aluminiyam esetyenziswa kuyilo lwesakhiwo somzimba inokufezekisa ubuncinci be-30% yokunciphisa ubunzima phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza. Kwakhona, ii-alloys ze-aluminiyam zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zekhava yangoku. Kwezinye iimeko ezineemfuno zamandla aphezulu, ii-alloys ze-7000 ze-series zingakwazi ukugcina izibonelelo ezisemgangathweni. Ngoko ke, kwizicelo eziphezulu zevolumu, izisombululo zokunciphisa ubunzima be-aluminium alloy yeyona ndlela yoqoqosho.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-08-2023
