1. Intshayelelo
Ukukhanya kwe-Automotive Billive ukuqala kumazwe aphuhlileyo kwaye ekuqaleni kwakhokelwa zii-giants zemveli zemveli. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo, lufumene amandla abonakalayo. Ukususela ngexesha apho amaIndiya aqala ukusebenzisa i-Aluminium Alloty ukuvelisa i-crankshafts ye-Audium ye-Aluminium ngo-1999, i-Aluminium Allot ibonile ukukhula kwezinto ezifana nokuxinana okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okukhulu, Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kunye nokungaxhathisi bempembelelo, ukubuyisela kwimeko kaninzi, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuhlaziya. Ngo-2015, inani lesicelo se-Aluminium Alloud kwiimoto sele zigqithile ezingama-35%.
Ukukhanya kweemoto ze-China kuqalile ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, kwaye zombini itekhnoloji kunye nenqanaba lesicelo senqanaba elisemva kwamazwe aphuhlileyo njengeJamani, eUnited States kunye neJapan. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukuphazamiseka kwezinto eziphantsi kuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphepha ukunyuka kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, itekhnoloji ye-China ye-China ye-China ibonisa imeko yokufumana amazwe aphuhlileyo.
Imakethi ye-China eThina ikhulu inkulu. Kwelinye icala, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo phesheya, itekhnoloji yokukhanya eTshayina yaqala emva kwexesha, kwaye ubunzima bemoto iyonke bukhulu. Ukujonga uphawu lwezinto ezibonisa izinto ezilula kumazwe angaphandle, kusekho igumbi elaneleyo lokuphuhlisa eTshayina. Kwelinye icala, eqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini elitsha lamandla e-China kuya kukhulisa imfuno yezixhobo ezilula kwaye kukhuthaze iinkampani zemoto ukuze zihambele kwi-charcotive.
Ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphuma kunye nokusebenzisa ipetroli kuyanyanzela ukukhawulezisa izibane zemoto. I-China isebenzise ngokupheleleyo imigangatho ye-china yokuphuma kwe-china kwi-2020. Ngokwe "Khowudi yoVavanyo kunye nezalathisi zeZithuthi eziPhezulu" kunye "nomgangatho wamandla weZithuthi," Ukuthathela ingqalelo indawo enqongopheleyo kwizithuba ezikhulu kwitekhnoloji ye-injini kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemveliso, ukwamkela amanyathelo okufikelela kwizithuthi ezikhanyayo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi kunye nokuselwa kwe-piel. Ukukhanya kwezithuthi zamandla ezitsha zezakhono zibe yindlela ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweshishini.
Ngo-2016, i-China ye-AutoMovie I-AutoMotive I-AutoMoting Socied ikhuphe "ukusindisa amandla kunye netekhnoloji entsha yeZithuthi," zezona zinto zicwangcisiweyo zeZithuthi eziNtsha zoMsebenzi, kunye ne-2030. ngophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. UkuKhanya kunokunyusa iindawo zokuhamba kunye nedilesi "yexhala" lezithuthi ezitsha zamandla. Ngemfuno eyandayo yokwanda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zohambo, i-automotive filleining ingxamisekile, kwaye ukuthengisa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha sele ukhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokweemfuno zenkqubo yamanqaku kunye "nesicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kwishishini le-Automotive," kuqikelelwa ukuba nge-2025, intengiso yamandla e-China yezithuthi ezitsha ze-6, ngokukhula konyaka Ireyithi engaphezulu kwe-38%.
Iimpawu ze-ALTUminium ALWA kunye nezicelo
2.1 Iimpawu zeAluminium Allow
Ukuxinana kwe-aluminium yinye yesithathu yentsimbi, iyenza ilula. Inamandla aphezulu, amandla okusasazwa, ukumelana nokungakhathali okuqinisekileyo, kunye nokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona. I-Alumnom ye-Aluminium iphawuleka ngokudityaniswa kwe-magnesium, ebonakalisa ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, amandla amahle e-welding, amandla afanelekileyo okudinwa, ukungakwazi ukonyusa amandla ngokusebenza. Uchungechunge olu-6 lubonakaliswa ngokuba yi-magnesium kunye ne-silicon, nge-MG2SI njengeSigaba esomeleza. Elona qhinga lisetyenziswa kakhulu kolu luhlu ngama-6063, 6061, kunye ne-6005a. I-5052 iplatium iplate yi-al-Mg Seripy Plates, ine-magnesium njengendawo eyi-Wabelo eyintloko. Yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu i-aluminium alloum alloy. Eli Alloty linamandla aphezulu, amandla aphezulu okudinwa, iplastiki elungileyo kunye nokunganyangeki konyango, kunocingo olusezantsi lomsebenzi obandayo, ukunganyangeki kwendlela elungileyo, kunye neepropathi ezifanelekileyo zeWoldion. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kumacandelo anjengeephaneli esecaleni, igubu lophahla, kunye neephaneli zocango. I-6063 AlUminium Alloty i-study alloy enokuqina kwi-Al-Mg-Mg-S eqongeni, i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon njengezinto eziphambili zolwabiwo. Bubushushu bomeleza iprofayile ye-allouny ye-alloub enendawo ephakathi, ikakhulu isetyenziswa kwiinxalenye zezakhiwo ezinjengeekholamu nakwiiphatho ezisecaleni. Ukwaziswa kweBanga le-Aluminum Laavay kuboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1.
2.2 I-Exturision yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza i-alminium alloy
I-Aluminium Allousion ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminiy yindlela eshushu yokwakha, kwaye yonke inkqubo yemveliso ibandakanya ukwenza ialuminium alloy phantsi koxinzelelo lweendlela ezintathu. Yonke inkqubo yemveliso inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: a. I-aluminium kunye nezinye izabelo zinyibilikisiwe kwaye ziphoswe kwii-Billinum zeAluminium Allound; b. Ii-billets ezimisiweyo zifakwa kwizixhobo zokupheliswa. Phantsi kwesenzo sesenzo sesilinda esiphambili, i-Aluminium Billey yenziwa kwiiprofayili ezifunwayo nge-cavity ye-mold; c. Ukwenzela ukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini beeprofayili ze-aluminium, unyango lwesisombululo lwenziwa ngexesha okanye emva kokupheliswa, kulandelwa luphawu lokwaluphala. Iipropathi zoomatshini emva kokuba unyango olulupheleyo luyahluka ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neerejimeni zokwaluphala. Imeko yonyango lobushushu lweeprofayili ze-track zebhokisi iboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Iimveliso ze-Aluminium Allody Experided zinezibonelelo ezininzi zendlela ezinye iindlela zokwenza:
a. Ngexesha lokupheliswa, isinyithi esikhutshiweyo sifumana uxinzelelo olunamandla kwaye lungaphezulu leendlela ezintathu ze-compresment kwindawo yokusebenza kunokuqengqeleka kunye nokudlala iplasitiki yentsimbi eqhotyoshelweyo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izinto ezinzima-zokwenza izinto ezingenakwenziwa ngokuqengqeleka okanye zinyanzelise kwaye zisetyenziselwe ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinzima okanye zecandelo elinamandla lokuwela.
b. Ngenxa yokuba iJomemetri yeeprofayili ze-aluminium ingahluka, izinto zazo zinokuphucula ubungqola bomzimba wesithuthi, zinciphise iimpawu zayo ze-NVH, kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokulawula izithuthi.
c. Iimveliso ezixhaswe kakuhle, emva kokucimeka kunye nokwaluphala, zinamandla aphezulu kakhulu (R, Raz) kuneemveliso ezinqunyanyisiweyo zezinye iindlela.
d. Umphezulu weemveliso emva kokupheliswa unombala olungileyo kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle, ukuphelisa isidingo solunye unyango lwe-anti-colosion.
e. Ukuqhubekekisa ukuqhubekeka kuguquguquka kakhulu, isixhobo esisezantsi kunye neendleko zembumbu, kunye neendleko zoyilo olusezantsi loyilo.
f. Ngenxa yokulawulwa kweprofayile ye-aluminium, inqanaba lecandelo lecandelo linokunyuka, inani lamacandelo anokuncitshiswa, kwaye uyilo olwahlukileyo lonqamlezo unokufezekisa imeko ye-Weldic.
Ukuthelekisa intsebenzo phakathi kweeprofayili ze-aluminium ezikhutshiweyo zeelori zebhokisi kunye nentsimbi yecalbon ecacileyo iboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Isikhokelo esilandelayo sophuhliso lweeprofayili zeAluminium Alloy kwiiTragu-zohlobo lwebhokisi: Ukuphucula amandla eprofayili kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweprofayili. Isikhokelo sophando sezinto ezintsha ze-Aluminium Alloy Fed yeTragu-yohlobo lwebhokisi iboniswe kumzobo 1.
I-3.ULUMUMUM ALTY BOXORY DALT STOT, WOLWANYELWANO NOKUFUNDA
3.1 I-Alumuminum Allo Allow Gys
Ibhokisi yeloli yelori ikakhulu iquka indibano engaphambili yephaneli, i-Ekhohlo neKhompyutha yasekunene nasekunene, iNdibano yeNdawo yasekunene, iNdibano yeNdawo yeNdawo, yokuBalela kweNdawo, iiFlep zasecaleni, kunye nezinye izixhobo iqhagamshelwe kwi-chassis yeklasi yesibini. Ibhokisi yomzimba onqamlezileyo, iintsika, imiqadi esecaleni, kunye neephaneli zendlu zenziwe ngeeprofayili ze-Aluminium Alfarid, ngelixa umgangatho we-Aluminium alloy Hells. Ubume belori ye-Aluminium Allouy iboniswe kumzobo 2.
Usebenzisa inkqubo eshushu ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium inokwenza amacandelo e-Aluminum enqamlezileyo, uyilo lweeprofayili ze-aluminium ezinamacandelo antsonkothileyo anokugcina izinto zemveliso, kwaye uhlangabezana neemfuno zonxibelelwano phakathi izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, eyona nto uyiyisayo yeBenguam kunye namaxesha ecandelo lase-Istiria I kwaye ukuxhathisa amaxesha w ziboniswe kumzobo 3.
Ukuthelekisa kweyona datha iphambili kwiTheyibhile 4 ibonisa ukuba amacandelo ecandelo le-Inria kwaye ayayixhathisa amaxesha eprofayile ye-aluminium engcono kunedatha ehambelana neprofayile yentsimbi yentsimbi. Ukuqina kwedatha enqabileyo kuyafana nezo zeprofayile zentsimbi ezihambelana nentsimbi, kwaye zonke zifezekisile iimfuno zokuphulukana.
3.2 Ukubalwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu
Ukuthatha icandelo eliphambili lokujongana nomthwalo, umnqamlezo, njengento, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lubaliwe. Umthwalo olinganiselweyo ngu-1.5 T, kwaye umnqamlezo wenziwe ngeprofayile ye-6063-T6 I-Aluminium Aluminum enepropathi yoomatshini njengoko iboniswe lula kwiTheyibhile ye-Corces, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 4.
Ukuthatha i-34mm ye-34mm span, umthwalo ocinezelayo kwi-beam ibalwa njenge-F = 3757 n ngokusekwe kwi-4.5T, okuphindwe kathathu umthwalo omkhulu. q = f / l
Apho uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-beam phantsi komthwalo, i-N / mm; F ngumthwalo oqhwangqwa ngumthi, ubalwa ngokusekwe kumaxesha ama-3 umthwalo oqhelekileyo, ongu-4.5 t; Ngaba ubude bomthi weqonga, mm.
Ke ngoko, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi Q ngu:
Ifomula yoxinzelelo lo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Owona mzuzu mkhulu:
Ukuthatha ixabiso elipheleleyo loMzuzu, m = 274283 · mm, olona xinzelelo luphezulu σ = m / (1.05 × 05 MPA, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo
3.3 Iimpawu zonxibelelwano zamacandelo ahlukeneyo
I-Aluminium Alloty inepropathi ye-welding ye-welding, kwaye amandla ayo e-alding ngama-60% kuphela kuphela kwe-60% yezinto ezisisiseko. Ngenxa yesigqubuthelo somaleko we-al22 kwi-Aluminium Allow, indawo yokunyibilika ye-al22 ye-al23 iphezulu, ngelixa indawo yokunyibilika ye-aluminium iphantsi. Xa i-Aluminium Alloty ye-Weldat, i-al23 kumphezulu kufuneka iphule ngokukhawuleza ukuba yenze i-welding. Kwangelo xesha, intsalela ye-al22 iya kuhlala kwisisombululo se-Aluminium, echaphazela isakhiwo se-Aluminium kunye nokunciphisa amandla e-Aluminium Alling Welding Point. Ke ngoko, xa uyila isikhongozeli-i-Aluminium, ezi mpawu ziqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo. I-welding yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuma, kwaye izinto eziphambili zomthwalo ziqhagamshelwe ziibhotile. Unxibelelwano olufana nokuqengqeleka kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-dovetail luboniswa kwiMifanekiso 5 neyesi-6.
Eyona nto iphambili kwiBhokisi yeBhokisi ye-Aluminium yamkela isakhiwo esinemisipha ethe tye, intsika ethe nkqo, imiqadi esecaleni, kunye nemingxunya yomphetho inxibelelana. Kukho amanqaku amane onxibelelwano phakathi kweBeam ethe tyaba kunye nentsika ethe nkqo. Amanqaku onxibelelwano afakwe kwi-gasket ye-mesh kunye nomda wesenzo womngxunya othe tyaba, ukuthintela ukufuduswa. Iindawo ezisibhozo zekona ezixhunyiwe ikakhulu yi-Steel Core, ilungisiwe ngee-bolts kunye ne-rives yokuzila, kwaye iqiniswe ziipleyiti ze-aluminum ze-aluminum ze-Aluminum ye-Aluminum ngaphakathi kwibhokisi yekona. Inkangeleko yangaphandle yebhokisi ayinazixhobo ze-welfting okanye amanqaku onxibelelwano, aqinisekisa ukubonakala kwebhokisi.
3.4 se seteknoloji yobunjineli
Itekhnoloji yobunjineli bobuchwephesha isetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki ezibangelwe ziingxaki ezinkulu eziqokelelweyo zezinto ezifanayo kwibhokisi yebhokisi kunye nobunzima ekufumaneni iziyobisi kunye nokusilela okunezimpazamo. Ngohlalutyo lwe-Cae (jonga umfanekiso 7-8), uhlalutyo lwentengiso lwenziwa ngemizimba yebhokisi yentsimbi ukukhangela amandla kunye nokuqina kwebhokisi yebhokisi, kwaye kuthathe amanyathelo abuthathaka, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuphucula ngokufanelekileyo .
4. Isiphumo esineziphumo esiziyo se-Aluminium Allo Allo Alloud
Ukongeza kwibhokisi yebhokisi, izabelo ze-aluminium zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha intsimbi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ebhokisini, ezinjengeemnyango, amayeza amagumbi, amayeza aphezulu, afezekisileyo ukunciphisa umzimba, ukufezekisa ukuncipha kwesiqhelo ngama-30% ukuya kwi-40% yegumbi lokuhamba. Isiphumo sokuncitshiswa kwesisindo kwi-4080mm ye-4080mm ye-2300mms × 2200mm ye-cargo ye-Preer iboniswe kwiTheyibhile 6. Ngokusisiseko icombulula iingxaki ezigqithisileyo, kunye nemingcipheko elawulayo ye-Iron ye-Iron ye-Iron.
Ngokutshintsha intsimbi yemveli kunye ne-Aluminium yezinto ezizenzekelayo, kungekuphela nje iingxaki ezifanelekileyo zokukhanya, kodwa zinokufaka igalelo kulondolozo lwamafutha, kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwezithuthi. Okwangoku, kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo ngegalelo lokukhanya kwepetroli. Iziphumo zophando zeZiko leAluminum yeHlabathi iboniswe kumzobo 9. Rhoqo nge-10% kubunzima bezithuthi banokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile nge-6% ukuya kwi-8% ukuya kwi-8%. Ngokusekwe kwiinkcukacha-manani zasekhaya, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomkhweli ngamnye wemoto nge-100 kg kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile nge-0.4 L / 100 km. Igalelo lokufumana ukukhanya kwe-Fuels isungulwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zophando, ngoko ke kukho umahluko. Nangona kunjalo, i-Automotive Lightneideng inefuthe elibonakalayo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-piel.
Kwizithuthi zombane, isiphumo esikhanyayo sibhengezwe nangakumbi. Okwangoku, ukuxinana kwamandla eyunithi yebhetri yombane yemoto kwahluke kakhulu kwizithuthi zemveli zemveli. Ubunzima benkqubo yamandla (kubandakanya ibhetri) yezithuthi zombane zihlala zinika ii-20% ukuya kwi-30% yobunzima bezithuthi zizonke. Ngaxeshanye, ukwaphula umthetho ngebhotile yebhetri yebhetri nguMngeni weHlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ikhefu elikhulu kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ephezulu, ukukhanya kwezantsi yindlela esebenzayo yokuphucula uluhlu lweemoto zombane. Kuwo wonke umthwalo we-100 kG ubunzima, uluhlu lweemoto zombane lunganyuswa nge-6% ukuya kwi-11% (ubudlelwane phakathi kokuncitshiswa kwesisindo kwaye uluhlu lokuhamba lubonisiwe kumzobo 10). Okwangoku, iimoto ezihamba ngeenyawo zicocekile azinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu abaninzi, kodwa ukunciphisa ubunzima ngexabiso elithile kunokuphucula kakhulu uluhlu lokuhamba, lube nexhala lokufumana ixhala kunye nokuphucula amava abasebenzisi.
5.CenConcied
Ukongeza kwi-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium Alloam Iloli ezazingenisiwe kweli nqaku, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zebhokisi, ezinjengeeplani ze-aluminium ze-aluminium, i-aluminium ye-Aluminium Buck . Banezibonelelo zokulula, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokunganyangeki okuhle, kwaye akufuneki kupeyinte kwipeyinti ye-elektroniki yokukhusela ipeyinti ye-electrophoretic. Ibhokisi yebhokisi yealuminium Allouy ilori ebalulekileyo icombulula iingxaki zokulinganisa, ukungahambelani nezibhengezo, kunye nomngcipheko wokulawula we-Iron ye-Iron ye-Iron.
Ukuphuma yindlela ebalulekileyo yokulungisa izabelo ze-aluminium, kwaye iiprofayili ze-aluminium zineepropathi ezigqwesileyo, ukuze icandelo elilukhuni lwamacandelo liphezulu. Ngenxa yecandelo eliguqukayo eliguquguqukayo, izabelo ze-aluminium zingafikelela kumdlalo odibeneyo wemisebenzi emininzi, esenza ukuba kube yinto entle yokukhanya kwemoto. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Aluminiyam Asflis ubuso bujamelene nobuchule bokuyilwa koyilo lwe-Aluminium Alo Algo, ukwenza kunye neendleko zeWedils kunye noKhuphiswano lweeMveliso ezintsha. Esona sizathu sesona silumkiso se-Aluminium sixabisa ngaphezulu kwentsimbi ngaphambi kwe-icology ye-Aluminium ye-allows iba yinto evuthiweyo.
Ukuqukumbela, inqaku lesicelo se-Aluminium ye-Aluminium kwiimoto ziya kuba zibanzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuya kuqhubeka nokonyuka. Kwimilo yangoku yokohlwaya kwamandla, ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa, kunye nophuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kweengxaki zesicelo seAluminium AlUminium Allo Alfy, izixhobo ze-aluminium ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Automoting.
Ihlelwe ngoMeyi kaMeyi Jiang kwi-Aluminum
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJan-12 ukuya ku-1224
