Ialuminiyam yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yesinyithi emhlabeni. Yeyona intsimbi yentsimbi eneyesibini inkulu imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa emhlabeni emva kwentsimbi. Inobunzima obuphantsi, malunga ne-1/3 yentsimbi. Ekubeni i-aluminium ecocekileyo ithambile kwaye inamandla aphantsi, ngoko ke, ngokongeza inani elincinci lezinto ezifana ne-magnesium, ithusi, i-zinc, i-silicon, kunye ne-lithium kwi-aluminium, ukusebenza kwe-aluminium alloy kungcono. Ialloys ze-aluminiyam zezona zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zentsimbi ezingasebenziyo kwishishini ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo, i-aerospace, imoto, ukwenziwa koomatshini, ukwakha iinqanawa kunye namashishini amachiza.
I-alloys ye-aluminiyam ineepropati ezintle kakhulu kubuchwephesha kunye nekhemistri:
① Imiba yeMechanical, ebonakaliswa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, amandla aphezulu, imodyuli ephezulu, njl. njl. I-Aluminiyam inoxinaniso oluphantsi kwaye ikhaphukhaphu kunezinye iintsimbi, kuphela i-1/4 yentsimbi, ngoko ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kumasimi aneemfuno eziphezulu zokulula;
② Ngokumalunga neepropati zeekhemikhali, ekubeni i-aluminium alloy inokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide dense kwindawo yayo emoyeni, inokuzikhusela kwi-oxidation enzulu. Ngoko ke, inokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezinzile kakhulu.
③I-alloy ye-aluminiyam ineplastiki elungileyo kwaye inokucutshungulwa kwiiprofayili ezahlukeneyo. Ine-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane kunye ne-thermal. Ngoko ke, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukwesibini kuphela kwintsimbi.
Okwangoku, kukho ngaphezu kwe-250 i-alloys ye-aluminiyam eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwishishini. Ukuze kube lula ukwahlula, ngokweengoma ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy, i-China ithatha indlela yokuhlelwa kwemigangatho eyamkelwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ukuququzelela ukumakisha indawo yemveliso, imemori kunye nolawulo lokubala. I-alloys ye-aluminium esetyenziswe kwishishini lempi ikakhulu ibandakanya i-aluminium-lithium alloys, i-2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) uchungechunge kunye ne-7XXX series aluminium alloys.
Imfuno yentengiso kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aluminium alloy
2XXX uthotho aluminiyam ialloyi
I-2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) ii-alloys ze-aluminiyam zinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina kunye namandla okudinwa, ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, ukusetyenzwa kunye neepropati ze-welding, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, i-automotive kunye nemizi-mveliso yezixhobo. Amabakala aphambili yi-2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, njl. Uluhlu lwe-alloys luye lwaphuhliswa ukuphucula amandla, ukulinganisa ukuqina, kunye nokunyamezela umonakalo, njengo-2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, njl.
Iimodeli zezixhobo zaseTshayina ziphuhla kwicala le-lightweight, ubomi obude, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kwaye zineemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina kwe-fracture, ukumelana nokusabalalisa i-crack kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwemathiriyeli yesikhumba se-fuselage. Ngokusekelwe 2024-T351 aluminiyam icwecwe angqingqwa ipleyiti, amazwe angaphandle baye baphuhlisa 2324, 2624 kunye nezinye ingxubevange unyamezelo oluphezulu aluminiyam ialloyi kumphezulu iphiko elisezantsi ngamandla ahlukeneyo, ukuqina, ukudinwa kunye nokumelana umhlwa, kwaye baphumelele ufakelo kunye nesicelo. I-China iphuhlisa ukunyamezela umonakalo ophezulu we-2XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys. Kwixesha elizayo, i-microalloying edibeneyo iya kuba sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwe-Al-Cu-Mg series high-high-power aluminium alloys.
4XXX series aluminiyam ialloyi
Okwangoku, ii-alloys ze-eutectic kunye ne-hypoeutectic Al-Si zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipiston zemoto eTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zokusebenza kwe-injini, kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza. I-Hypereutectic Al-Si ialloy inoxinano oluphantsi, i-coefficient encinci yokwandiswa komgca, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwevolumu, kwaye yinto efanelekileyo yepiston xa kuthelekiswa ne-eutectic Al-Si alloys. I-Hypereutectic Al-Si i-alloy pistons iye yaveliswa ngobuninzi ngaphandle kwaye isetyenziswe kwiilori kunye neemoto, ezifana ne-A390 alloy e-United States, i-AC9A kunye ne-AC8A (ZL109) i-alloys eJapan, kunye ne-A390 i-alloy e-Australia. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku bambalwa abavelisi eTshayina abavelisa i-hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons, kwaye uninzi lwabo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukongeza, kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwe-automotive turbocharger aluminium alloy materials kunye namazwe angaphandle. Umgangatho ophezulu we-automotive turbocharger aluminiyam alloy imathiriyeli ixhomekeke ikakhulu eJapan nakwamanye amazwe. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe izixhobo eziphambili ze-aluminiyam zealuminiyam ezisebenza kakhulu kwiipistons ezisebenza kakhulu kunye ne-turbocharger impellers.
5XXX Series Aluminiyam Alloys
I-alloys ye-Al-Mg, ngakumbi i-alloys ye-Al-Mg enomxholo ophezulu we-Mg, inamandla athile aphezulu, i-weldability efanelekileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, kwaye iya kuba yizinto ezikhuphisana kakhulu kwi-aerospace yexesha elizayo, oololiwe abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iilwandle kunye nezinye iindawo. Okwangoku, iipleyiti zealloy ze-Al-Mg, iiprofayili kunye neengcingo ze-welding ze-aerospace, oololiwe, iilwandle kunye nezinye izicelo zixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. I-high-end-end welding wire market ngokusisiseko ilawulwa yi-ALCOA e-United States. I-ER5183 kunye ne-ER5356 alloys ikakhulu zixhomekeke ekuthengisweni ngaphandle, kwaye umthamo wokungenisa uthatha malunga ne-70% yeentengiso zabo. Iialloys ze-Al-Mg kwiinqanawa zithembele ikakhulu eRashiya. Iingots eziqhelekileyo ze-alloys ezinomxholo ophezulu we-Mg zineedendrites eziphuhliswe kakuhle, ulwahlulo olunzima lwesigaba se-eutectic, kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokwenza. Iindlela zangoku zokusetyenzwa ziseneengxaki ezininzi, ezifana nokusebenza okuphantsi, umgangatho ongemhle obonakalayo, inkqubo ende, umgangatho ongazinzanga, kunye nesivuno esiphantsi. Ukuqiniswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubunjwa kunokuthintela imvula yeMg, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kunokulawulwa ukufumana i-crystal equiaxed emihle kunye nezigaba ze-nano-precipitated, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokufana kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwe-sub-rapid solidification oluqhubekayo lwe-rheological extrusion kunye netekhnoloji eqengqelekayo yokusebenza okuphezulu kweAl-Mg alloys kulindeleke ukuba ihlangabezane nemfuno yomgangatho ophezulu weAl-Mg alloys.
6XXX Series Aluminiyam Alloys
6XXX series aluminiyam ingxubevange imathiriyeli zizinto ezingundoqo kwimimandla kaloliwe transit, iimoto, elektroniki, njl. Ukusukela 1980s, amazwe aphuhlileyo kunye nemimandla efana neYurophu, United States, kunye Japan baye baphuhlisa ingxubevange aluminiyam kwiimoto, amabanga abhalisiweyo ezifana 6009, 6016, 6010, 6012, 6012, 6012, 6012 kunye 601 601 601 6012 kunye 601 60 60 6012 kunye 60 60 601 60, kunye ne-60. imveliso ngokupheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yesicelo iiphaneli zomzimba imoto, extrusions, forgings, njl Uphando loshishino kunye nophuhliso 6XXX series aluminiyam iiphaneli ingxubevange umzimba kunye forgings e China sele iqalile, kwaye kukho umsantsa ecacileyo. UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi lwaseTshayina lucebise ukuba ii-aluminiyamu ze-aluminiyamu ye-automotive sheets kufuneka ziphuhliswe: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, njl njl. ngaphantsi kwe 0.60, i 60 d yokupaka amandla isivuno Rp0.2 ongekho ngaphantsi kwe 140 N/mm2 kunye nepeyinti ukuqina isivuno amandla ukongezwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe 80 N/mm2 . Ukuphendula kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, uphuhliso loyilo, ukulungiselela kunye nokulungiswa kwetekhnoloji ye-6XXX yochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys ibe yinto engenakuthintelwa yophuhliso.
7XXX Series Aluminiyam Alloys
7XXX uthotho lwealluminiyam alloys lunokuxhathisa ukonakala kokutya kwaye lolona luhlu lunamandla phakathi kweealloyi zealuminiyam. Zaziwa kumazwe ngamazwe njengezixhobo zomqolo wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Kungekudala, amazwe angaphandle aphuhlise i-7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), ingcinezelo yayo yesivuno idlula i-620 MPa kwi-T77511 state. Isetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya ye-Boeing 777 kwaye inciphisa ubunzima nge-635 kg. Okwangoku, i-China ayinalo uyilo lwe-alloy olucwangcisiweyo kunye nokulungiselela kunye nokucubungula iteknoloji ye-7XXX yochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys ye-aviation, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngenxa yobukhulu be-ingots ye-7XXX ye-alloys ye-aluminium enezinto ezininzi ze-alloy, uluhlu olubanzi lokuqiniswa, uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphosa, kunye ne-oxidation elula / ukwahlula izinto ze-alloy, umgangatho we-metallurgical we-ingots umbi kwaye ubushushu begumbi bokwenza ukusebenza buphantsi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhlisa uchungechunge olutsha lwe-7XXXys ye-aluminium.
I-aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) ingxubevange
I-aluminiyam-lithium alloy yeyona nto ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwizixhobo zokubhabha kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ineempawu zoxinzelelo oluphantsi, imodyuli ephezulu enwebekayo, ukuqina okuthe ngqo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokudinwa, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Emva kokutshintsha ii-alloys eziqhelekileyo ze-aluminium, ubunzima bunokuncitshiswa nge-10% ~ 20% kwaye ukuqina kunokwandiswa nge-15% ~ 20%. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-21, inkampani yaseMelika i-ALCOA yasungula i-"ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", ngenjongo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nobunzima be-aviation aluminium alloys nge-20% nganye kwiminyaka engama-20. I-Constellium iphuhlise i-2050 kunye ne-2198 i-aluminium-lithium alloys (i-Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi, ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokunyamezela umonakalo omkhulu. Kukho amabakala ambalwa kakhulu e-Al-Li alloy aphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo e-China, kwaye kuphela i-alloy ye-1420 isetyenzisiwe. I-aluminium-lithium alloy esetyenziswe kwinqwelo-moya ye-C919 inikezelwa yi-Alcoa. Ngaphakathi, kuphela amabakala e-alloy alinganiselwe afana ne-1420, 2195, 2197, kunye ne-2A97 anokuveliswa, kwaye i-ingots ziyi-ingots ezisezantsi kuphela ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm kunye neengots ezijikelezayo ngaphantsi kwe-φ650 mm. Ii-ingots ezizicaba (2B16) ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-60 mm kunye nobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-1500 mm, kunye neengots (2B16) ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kwe-1500 mm kwintsimi yezicelo ze-aviation eziphezulu azikaveliswa kwimizi-mveliso. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhlisa uyilo olutsha lwe-aluminium-lithium alloy, ukulungiswa kwe-ingot enkulu kakhulu kunye nobuchwephesha bokuqhubekela phambili.
Ingxubevange yealuminiyam ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu
I-alloys ye-aluminium ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu zizinto eziphambili ezisisiseko kwiinkalo ze-aerospace, iimoto, uthutho lukaloliwe, njl.njl ngokulawula izinto ezifana ne-Si, Fe, i-Ni, i-Ag, kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo ukwenza i-aluminium alloys ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokunyuka kumaqondo aphezulu. I-alloys ye-aluminiyam yendabuko ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu ibandakanya: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, njl. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-aerospace kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kwii-alloys ze-aluminium ezinganyangekiyo. Isizukulwana esitsha seejethi zokulwa sinesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba, kwaye ukushisa okusebenzayo kwesikhumba se-fuselage kungaphezulu kwe-150 ° C. Okwangoku, ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-alloys ye-aluminium ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu njenge-2618 kunye ne-2D70 ingaphantsi kwe-150 ° C. Kunyanzelekile ukuphuhlisa ialloys zealuminiyam ezintsha ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu.
I-al-Sc ialloy enomxholo we-ultra-low scandium (Sc).
I-alloy ye-Al-Sc ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana namandla aphezulu, iplastiki efanelekileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, kwaye ibe sisizukulwana esitsha sezinto ezikhaphukhaphu kwi-aerospace, iinqanawa, njl. emva kwe-Al-Li ialloy. Amandla e-tensile ye-alloy ye-Al-Mg equkethe amanani omkhondo we-scandium yi-30% ephezulu kune-alloy ye-5083, kwaye amandla esivuno aphindwe kabini. I-weldability yayo ithelekiswa ne-alloys ye-5XXX ye-series yesiqhelo, iimpawu ze-mechanical zone echaphazelekayo kubushushu kunye ne-weld ziphantse zilingane nezo ze-matrix, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukubola kwayo kuthelekiswa ne-alloy ye-5083. Ukutshintsha i-5XXX okanye i-6XXX uthotho lwe-alloys ekwenziweni kwezixhobo ze-aerospace kunokufikelela kwiziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa ubunzima, kwaye kukwayinto ephezulu kwiimoto kunye nezithuthi zikaloliwe. IRashiya ihamba phambili kwihlabathi ekuphuhliseni i-aluminium equkethe i-aluminium alloys, kwaye yenze i-Al-Mg-Sc, i-Al-Mg-Li-Sc, i-Al-Zn- MgSc, i-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, kunye ne-Al-Cu-Mg-Sc i-alloys enomxholo we-scandium we-0.18% ~ 0.5%. Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium-scandium alloys kwi-aerospace kunye neemoto, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi idwelise i-scandium equkethe i-alloys ye-aluminium njengenye yezinto ezintsha zophuhliso oluphambili. I-China ityebile kwimithombo ye-scandium kwaye iye yakha umgca wokuvelisa i-scandium oxide ephezulu yokucoca, ibeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe-aluminium-scandium alloys.
500 MPa grade hot stamping aluminiyam ingxubevange iimoto
Kusekho indawo engenanto kwi-stamping eshushu yokuqina okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy imathiriyeli e-China. Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo entsha yindlela esebenzayo yokusombulula ingxaki yamandla aphezulu e-aluminium alloy alloy alloy parts ezenza. Ukujolisa kuthotho lweealloyi ezingama-7XXX, ukuphonononga ngenkuthalo iialloyi ezingama-2XXX, kunye nokuphuhlisa imathiriyeli yealluminiyam yodidi lwe-500 MPa ukwenzela isitampu esishushu kunamathemba abalulekileyo okwenziwa kweendawo ezintsonkothileyo zemoto.
Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezisekelwe kwi-aluminium
I-aluminiyam-yentsimbi edibeneyo yepleyiti ehlanganisiweyo: Uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo phakathi kwe-aluminiyam kunye nedesika yentsimbi iye yaba sesinye sezithintelo zokukhanya kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zeenqanawa ezinkulu. I-aluminium-steel composite transition joint esetyenziselwa i-welding phakathi kwe-aluminium kunye ne-steel hulls inikeza isisombululo sokutshintsha inkqubo ye-riveting yendabuko. I-Honda iphuhlise iteknoloji yokujoyina intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam eya kusetyenziswa kwihlabathi kwizakhelo zeemoto eziveliswe ngobuninzi. Okwangoku, i-aluminium-steel composite joints esetyenziswa e-China ithengiswa kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle, ngexabiso eliphezulu njenge-4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Ngeenqanawa ezinkulu zexesha elizayo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-welding, uxinzelelo olukhulu, kunye nonxibelelwano oluluqilima lwebhondi luyafuneka kumalungu otshintsho, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-aluminium-steel joints ziyafuneka ngokukhawuleza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-08-2025
