Usenokuzibuza, "Yintoni eyenza i-aluminiyam kwiimoto ibe yinto eqhelekileyo?" okanye "Yintoni malunga ne-aluminiyam eyenza ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli ebalaseleyo kwimizimba yeemoto?" ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba i-aluminiyam isetyenziswe kwimveliso yemoto ukususela ekuqaleni kweemoto. Kwangoko ngo-1889 ialuminiyam yaveliswa ngobuninzi kwaye yaphoswa, yaqengqeleka, yaza yenziwa kwiimoto.
Abavelisi be-Auto babambe ithuba lokusebenza kunye nesixhobo esilula ngakumbi kunentsimbi. Ngelo xesha, kuphela ziindlela ezisulungekileyo ze-aluminiyam ezazikho, ezinophawu oluthambileyo kwaye ezinokwakheka okukhulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo okubambekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ezi zinto zakhokelela abenzi bemoto kwisanti yesanti kwaye benze iipaneli zomzimba ezibanzi ezathi emva koko zadityaniswa zaze zapolishwa ngesandla.
Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, abanye abona benzi bezithuthi babekekileyo babesebenzisa ialuminiyam ezimotweni. Oku kubandakanya iBugatti, Ferrari, BMW, Mercedes, kunye nePorsche.
Kutheni ukhetha iAluminiyam kwiiMoto?
Iimoto ngoomatshini abantsonkothileyo abaneenxalenye ezimalunga nama-30,000. Imizimba yemoto, okanye amathambo esithuthi, ngawona abiza kakhulu kwaye abaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yemoto.
Zibandakanya iipaneli zangaphandle ezibonelela ngemo kwisithuthi, kunye neepaneli zangaphakathi ezisebenza njengokuqiniswa. Amapaneli adityaniswe kunye kwiintsika kunye nentsimbi. Imizimba yemoto ke ibandakanya iingcango zangaphambili nangasemva, imiqadi ye-injini, ii-arches zamavili, ii-bumpers, ii-hoods, amagumbi okukhwela, amagumbi angaphambili, uphahla kunye nomgangatho womgangatho.
Isandi sesakhiwo yeyona mfuneko ibalulekileyo kwimizimba yeemoto. Nangona kunjalo, imizimba yemoto kufuneka ibekhaphukhaphu, ifikeleleke ukuvelisa, ukumelana nomhlwa, kwaye ibe neempawu ezinomtsalane abathengi abazifunayo, njengeempawu ezigqwesileyo zokugqiba umphezulu.
Ialuminiyam iyanelisa uluhlu lwezi mfuno ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa:
Ukuguquguquka
Ngokwendalo, i-aluminiyam yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ukumila kwe-aluminiyam kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye nokumila.
Ikwafumaneka kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo, njengephepha le-aluminium, i-coil ye-aluminium, ipleyiti ye-aluminium, ityhubhu ye-aluminium, umbhobho we-aluminium, itshaneli ye-aluminium, i-aluminium ibha, ibha ye-aluminium, kunye ne-angle ye-aluminium.
I-Versatility ivumela i-aluminiyam ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli ekhethiweyo kuluhlu lwezicelo ze-auto ezinokufuna iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, nokuba bubukhulu kunye nokumila, amandla esivuno, umlingiswa wokugqiba, okanye ukuxhathisa ukubola.
Ukulula kokuSebenza
Umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto kunokuphuculwa ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuyila, ezinje ngokuqina kwebhaki, ukusebenza kunye nokuqiniswa kwemvula, ukuzoba, ukudibanisa, ukuphosa, ukubumba kunye nokukhupha. Itekhnoloji ephuculweyo ye-welding iyaqhubeka nokwenza ukujoyina i-aluminium kube lula ukwenza ngeziphumo ezikhuselekileyo.
Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ihlala ixesha elide
I-Aluminiyam inomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima, oku kuthetha ukuba ilula kwaye iqinile. Imizila yeemoto kwi-aluminium igxininise ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezithuthi, eyona njongo iphambili kwishishini ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neethagethi ezingqongqo zokukhutshwa.
Uphando olwenziwa yi-Drive Aluminium iqinisekisa ukuba i-aluminium kwiimoto iyanciphisa ubunzima bezithuthi kunye nokwandisa uqoqosho lwamafutha kunye noluhlu kwiimoto zombane (EV). Ekubeni imfuno yabathengi kunye nenkuthazo yendalo ikhokelela ekunyuseni kwemveliso ye-EV, sinokulindela ukuba i-aluminium kwimizimba yeemoto iya kuqhubeka nokunyuka njengendlela yokunciphisa ubunzima beebhetri kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi.
Alloying Ukukwazi
Loo aluminium inokudityaniswa noluhlu lwezinto zokukhulisa iimpawu ezinje ngamandla, ukuhanjiswa kombane, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso yemoto.
I-aluminiyam yahlulwe ibe yi-alloy series egqitywe zizinto zazo eziphambili zokudibanisa. I-1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, kunye ne-7xxx ye-aluminium alloy series zonke ziquka i-alloys ezisetyenziswa kwimizimba yemoto.
Uluhlu lwamaBanga e-Aluminiyam kwimizimba yeeMoto
1100
Uluhlu lwe-1xxx lwe-aluminiyam yeyona aluminium ecocekileyo ekhoyo. Kwi-99% esulungekileyo, i-1100 ye-aluminiyam sheet ithambile ngokugqithisileyo. Ikwabonisa ukumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. Le yayiyenye ye-alloys yokuqala esetyenziswe kwizithuthi kwaye iyaqhubeka isetyenziswa namhlanje, ngokukodwa kwii-insulators zokushisa.
2024
Uluhlu lwe-2xxx lwe-aluminium luxutywe nobhedu. I-2024 ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweepistons, izixhobo zokuqhawula, iirotor, iisilinda, amavili kunye neegiya njengoko ibonisa amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okubalaseleyo.
3003, 3004, 3105
Uluhlu lwe-3xxx lwe-manganese ye-aluminium inokwakheka okukhulu. Ungabona kakhulu u-3003, 3004 kunye no-3105.
I-3003 ibonisa amandla aphezulu, ukubunjwa okulungileyo, ukusebenza, kunye nokukwazi ukuzoba. Ihlala isetyenziselwa imibhobho yeemoto, iipaneli, kunye nokuphosa amandla omxube kunye ne-EV.
I-3004 yabelana ngeempawu ezininzi ze-3003, kwaye inokuthi ibe nenjongo yokongezwa kwiipaneli ze-cowl grille kunye ne-radiator.
I-3105 inokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ukumila, kunye neempawu ze-welding. Ibonisa kwiphepha lomzimba we-auto, ukuze isetyenziswe kwii-fenders, iingcango, kunye nomgangatho womgangatho.
4032
Uluhlu lwe-4xxx lwe-aluminium ludityaniswe ne-silicon. I-4032 iya kusetyenziselwa ipistons, imiqulu ye-compressor, kunye namacandelo e-injini njengoko ibonisa ukuwelda okugqwesileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-abrasion.
5005, 5052, 5083, 5182, 5251
Uthotho lwe-5xxx yenye yezona zidumileyo kwimizimba yemoto ye-aluminiyam. Eyona nto iphambili ye-alloying yi-magnesium, eyaziwa ngokunyusa amandla.
I-5005 ibonakala kwipaneli yomzimba, iitanki zamafutha, iipleyiti zokuqhuba, kunye nemibhobho.
I-5052 ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo kwaye zivela kubuninzi bezinto ezizenzekelayo ngenxa yoko. Uya kuyibona kwiitanki zamafutha, iitrayila zelori, iipleyiti ezimisiweyo, iipaneli zokubonisa, izibiyeli, idisk kunye nekhefu lokuqhawuka kwegubu, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi zeauto ezingabalulekanga.
I-5083 igqwesile kumacandelo emoto antsonkothileyo afana neziseko ze-injini kunye neepaneli zomzimba.
I-5182 ibonakala njengesiseko esisisiseko semizimba yeemoto. Yonke into ukusuka kwisibiyeli sesakhiwo, ukuya kwiingcango, iihoods, kunye neepleyiti zamaphiko angaphambili.
I-5251 inokubonwa kwipaneli yemoto.
6016, 6022, 6061, 6082, 6181
Uluhlu lwe-6xxx aluminiyam ludityaniswe ne-magnesium kunye nesilicon, baqhayisa ngeyona nto ibalaseleyo yokukhupha kunye nesakhono sokuphosa, kwaye babonisa umlinganiswa ogqibeleleyo womphezulu.
I-6016 kunye ne-6022 yenzelwe isigqubuthelo somzimba wemoto, iingcango, iziqu, uphahla, ii-fenders kunye neepleyiti zangaphandle apho ukuxhathisa i-dent kungundoqo.
I-6061 ibonisa iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokugqiba umphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye namandla aphezulu. Ibonisa ngamalungu cross, iziqhoboshi, amavili propeller shafts, ilori kunye nemizimba yebhasi, iingxowa zomoya, kunye neetanki zomamkeli.
I-6082 inezinye zezona zixhathiso zibalaseleyo. Ngenxa yoko, isetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuthwala umthwalo.
I-6181 ibambelele njengephaneli yomzimba yangaphandle.
7003, 7046
I-7xxx yeyona klasi inamandla kwaye iphezulu yamandla e-alloy, ehlanganiswe ne-zinc kunye ne-magnesium.
I-7003 yingxubevange ye-extrusion esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimilo ezidityanisiweyo ekwenzeni imiqadi yempembelelo, izilayidi zezitulo, ukuqinisa i-bumper, iifreyimu zesithuthuthu, kunye neerimu.
I-7046 inekhono lokukhupha elingenanto kunye nomlingiswa olungileyo we-welding. Ibonakala kwizicelo ezifanayo ukuya kwi-7003.
Ikamva leAluminiyam kwiiMoto
Sinezizathu zokukholelwa ukuba into abavelisi beemoto abayicholayo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 iseyinyani nanamhlanje: ialuminiyam lukhetho olubalaseleyo lwezithuthi! Ukususela oko yaziswa okokuqala, i-alloys kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokuphucula ziye zandisa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium kwiimoto. Idityaniswe nenkxalabo yehlabathi malunga nokuzinza kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, i-aluminiyam kulindeleke ukuba ifezekise uluhlu olubonakalayo kunye nobunzulu bempembelelo kushishino lweemoto.
Umbhali: Sara Montijo
Umthombo: https://www.kloecknermetals.com/blog/aluminium-in-cars/
(Ngokophulwa komthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi icinyiwe.)
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium
Ixesha lokuposa: May-22-2023
