Izixhobo zeAluminiyam yeAluminiyam yoLwakhiwo lweBridge ngokuthe ngcembe ziBa yiNqobo, kwaye ikamva leAluminiyam yeAluminiyam iibhulorho lijongeka lithembisa.

Iibhulorho ziyinto ebalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo xa abantu babesebenzisa imithi egawulweyo namatye afukiweyo ukuze banqumle imijelo yamanzi nemiwonyo, ukusa ekusebenziseni iibhulorho ezinqatyisiweyo kunye neebhulorho ezibekwe ngeentambo, indaleko iye yaphawuleka ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuvulwa kwamva nje kwebhulorho yaseHong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao kuphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yeebhulorho. Ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho yanamhlanje, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo, izinto zetsimbi, ngokukodwa ii-alloys ze-aluminium, ziye zaba lukhetho oluqhelekileyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngowe-1933, kwasetyenziswa ibhulorho yokuqala yealuminiyam ehlabathini kwibhulorho enqumla kumlambo ePittsburgh eUnited States. Ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi kamva, ngo-1949, iKhanada yagqiba ibhulorho ye-aluminiyam ejikeleze uMlambo iSaguenay eQuebec, kunye nesithuba esinye esifikelela kwi-88.4 yeemitha. Le bhulorho yayisisakhiwo sokuqala se-aluminiyam emhlabeni. Le bhulorho yayineepitsi ezimalunga ne-15 leemitha ukuphakama kunye neendlela ezimbini zokuhamba kwezithuthi. Yayisebenzisa i-2014-T6 i-aluminium alloy kwaye yayinobunzima be-163 yeetoni. Xa kuthelekiswa nebhulorho yentsimbi ecetywayo ekuqaleni, yanciphisa ubunzima malunga ne-56%.

Ukusukela ngoko, ukuthambekela kweebhulorho ze-aluminium alloy structural azinakunqandwa. Phakathi kwe-1949 kunye ne-1985, i-United Kingdom yakha malunga ne-35 iibhulorho ze-aluminiyam ye-alloy, ngelixa i-Jamani yakha malunga ne-20 iibhulorho ezinjalo phakathi kwe-1950 kunye ne-1970.

Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi, izinto ze-aluminium alloy zinobuninzi obuphantsi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu, kunye ne-34% kuphela yobunzima bentsimbi yomthamo ofanayo. Ukanti, baneempawu zokomelela ezifana nentsimbi. Ukongeza, iialloyi ze-aluminiyam zibonisa ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa ngelixa zineendleko eziphantsi zokulondolozwa kwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, baye bafumana umsebenzi obanzi ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho zanamhlanje.

I-China yenze imitsi ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lweebhulorho ngokunjalo. Ibhulorho yaseZhaozhou, emi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1500, yenye yeempumelelo ezibalaseleyo zobunjineli bebhulorho yamandulo yaseTshayina. Kweli xesha langoku, ngoncedo lwelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, iTshayina yakha iibhulorho ezininzi zentsimbi, eziquka iibhulorho zoMlambo iYangtze eNanjing naseWuhan, kunye nePearl River Bridge eGuangzhou. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweebhulorho ze-aluminium alloy e-China kubonakala kulinganiselwe. Ibhulorho yokuqala ye-aluminium ye-alloy e-China yayiyibhulorho yabahambi ngeenyawo kwi-Qingchun Road e-Hangzhou, eyakhiwe ngo-2007. Le bhulorho yayiyilwe yaza yafakelwa ziinjineli zebhulorho zaseJamani, kwaye zonke izixhobo zathunyelwa eJamani. Kwangaloo nyaka, ibhulorho yabahambi ngeenyawo eXujiahui, eShanghai, yaphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo yaze yaveliswa ekhaya kusetyenziswa izakhiwo zealluminiyam. Ngokuyintloko yayisebenzisa i-6061-T6 i-aluminium alloy kwaye, nangona i-15-toni yayo yobunzima, inokuxhasa umthwalo weetoni ezingama-50.

Kwixesha elizayo, iibhulorho ze-aluminium alloy zinamathuba amakhulu ophuhliso e-China ngezizathu ezininzi:

1 Ulwakhiwo lukaloliwe oluhamba ngesantya esiphezulu lwaseTshayina luyakhula, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zemimandla yasentshona enentlambo nemilambo emininzi. Iibhulorho ze-aluminium alloy, ngenxa yokukhululeka kwazo kwezothutho kunye nezakhiwo ezikhaphukhaphu, kulindeleke ukuba zibe nentengiso ebonakalayo.

2 Izinto zentsimbi zithande ukurusa kwaye zisebenza kakubi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. I-Corrosion yensimbi ichaphazela kakhulu ukuzinza kwebhulorho, okubangela iindleko eziphezulu zokugcina kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinto ze-aluminium alloy zinokumelana nokugqwala okuqinileyo kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, okwenza ukuba zilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide. Ngelixa iibhulorho ze-aluminiyam zinokuba neendleko eziphezulu zokuqala zokwakha, iindleko zabo zokugcinwa okuphantsi zinokunceda ukunciphisa umsantsa weendleko ngokuhamba kwexesha.

3 Uphando kwiipaneli zebhulorho ze-aluminium, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ziphuhliswe kakuhle, kwaye ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukuqhubela phambili kuphando lwezinto eziphathekayo kunika isiqinisekiso sobugcisa bokuphuhlisa ii-alloys ezintsha ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Abavelisi be-aluminium baseTshayina, kubandakanywa izigebenga zeshishini ezifana ne-Liaoning Zhongwang, ngokuthe ngcembe batshintshe ukugxila kwabo kwiiprofayili ze-aluminium ye-industrial, babeka isiseko sokwakhiwa kwebhulorho ye-aluminium alloy.

4 Ulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lukaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba kwizixeko ezikhulu zaseTshayina lubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kwizakhiwo ezisuka phezulu. Ngenxa yezibonelelo zabo ezibalulekileyo zobunzima, kubonakala ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-aluminiyam yealloy yabahambi ngeenyawo kunye neebhulorho zohola wendlela ziya kuyilwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo.

Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang esuka kwiMAT Aluminium